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经略安抚使

经略安抚使,又有经略使安抚使宣慰使宣抚使等名称,是中国历史上的官名,为由朝廷派遣,以巡按地方事务的官员,后多为高阶军官;甚至是少数民族首领的加职。

简介

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最早在隋代有安抚大使之名,至唐代初安抚使为临时派往各道处理事务的大臣,但中唐以后不设。晚唐派大臣巡视战后地区或水旱灾区,称宣慰安抚使或宣抚使。

宋代为了中央集权,避免藩镇割据,地方上的节度使观察使都只是虚衔,仅设知州直属中央,但知州所辖范围较小,不能处理较大区域事务,所以必要时由朝廷派遣中央官员为安抚使来管理较大区域,如宋真宗时曾以王钦若(时为翰林学士)为四川安抚使,以直秘阁以上充,掌一路兵民之事,北宋时许多沿边地区多设置此官以防边。

北宋偶有派枢密院大臣政事堂大臣出巡地方,掌抚绥边境、安慰百姓及统护将帅、督视军旅之事,称宣慰使,演变为战时管辖一路或数路军队的军事统帅。

南宋军兴,几乎各地遍设,权力也较大,设在边区的称经略安抚使,旧制,安抚总一路兵政,以知州兼充,太中大夫以上,或曾历任侍从乃得之,品卑者止称主管某路安抚司公事,如兼任者原本在二品官以上,另称为安抚大使。

元代,安抚使、宣慰使、宣抚使等职;成为的行政长官。

时,安抚使是土司安抚司的长官,仅设制于西南边区。而经略多半是高阶军官的加,但亦有在北部边疆地区设置防务要职,如:辽东经略:熊廷弼

民初,设有宣抚使:

  • 口北宣抚使
  • 四川宣抚使
  • 江西宣抚使
  • 江西宣抚副使
  • 江淮宣抚使
  • 贵州宣抚使
  • 两湖宣抚使
  • 苏皖宣抚使

民初,设有经略使:

  • 川边经略使
  • 川粤湘赣四省经略使
  • 蒙疆经略使:节制热河、察哈尔、绥远三都统

国民政府设有:

参考资料

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  • 黄木骥《历代职官表》,台北:乐天出版社,1974。
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经略安抚使
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