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安魂弥撒

弗朗茨·斐迪南大公的葬礼中举行的安魂弥撒,1914年见于一份俄国报纸。

安魂弥撒(英语:Requiem Mass)一词源自拉丁文Requiem(原意为“安息”),有以下涵义:

  1. 天主教会为悼念逝者举行的弥撒,拉丁文也称为“Missa pro Defunctis”,现多称为殡葬弥撒。这种弥撒除了用作葬礼仪式,也是每年11月2日的诸灵节礼仪的一部分。天主教徒相信,为在炼狱中的逝者举行弥撒,可缩短他们在炼狱的日子、令他们更早进入天国;但这个仪式并非必须。
  2. 指在安魂弥撒中所用的诗歌,称为安魂弥撒曲,简称安魂曲Requiem),又称镇魂曲[1]。其所用的经文,有些也为一般弥撒所用,有些则专为安魂所用。
  3. 也用于称正教会的追悼会,其仪式系为永眠者祈祷,因与天主教的Requiem相似而得名,但该用法鲜见于西欧日本以外。

安魂弥撒

Requiem 一词源自进堂咏(Introit)的首句:“Requiem æternam dona eis, Domine, et lux perpetua luceat eis.”(主啊,请赐予他们永恒的安息,让永恒的光照耀他们。)安息弥撒与其他弥撒不同,省去如欢赞歌(Alleluia)等愉快的经文,增加了末日经(Dies Iræ)等经文。

安魂曲

早期的可以追溯到中世纪的额我略平咏。后来许多作曲家写过安魂曲,例如亚历山德罗·斯卡拉蒂沃尔夫冈·阿马德乌斯·莫扎特加布里埃尔·福雷莫里斯·迪吕弗莱。 《安魂曲》通常由下述几个乐章组成:

  • 进堂咏(Introitus): Requiem æternam dona eis, Domine(主啊,赐予他们永恒的安息)...
  • 垂怜经(Kyrie): Kyrie, eleison(主,怜悯我们)...
  • 继抒咏(Sequentia):Dies iræ(震怒之日)...
  • 奉献经(Offertorium):Domine Jesu Christe, Rex gloriæ(主耶稣基督,荣耀之王)...
  • 圣三颂(Sanctus)和降福经(Benedictus)
  • 羔羊颂(Agnus Dei):Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi(神之羔羊,承担举世罪孽之人)...
  • 领主颂(Communio):Lux æterna luceat eis, Domine(主啊,赐永恒之光照耀他们)...
  • 救主颂(Libera Me):Libera me, Domine, de morte æterna(主啊,救我于永恒之亡殁)...
  • 往天经(In Paradisum):In paradisum deducant te Angeli(愿天使领你前去天堂之乐园)...

后来“安魂曲”“镇魂曲”之名称逐渐见于其他形式的音乐作品,其中也不乏与宗教、仪式无关者。

参考资料

  1. ^ “镇魂”是和制汉语,另外,日本有时会出现“鎮魂歌”读作“レクイエム”(Rekuiemu,Requiem之音译)。

参见

外部链接


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