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四安将军.
四安将军,即安东将军、安西将军、安南将军、安北将军,是中国古代的高级武官。在汉魏时开始设立,并成为“重号将军”(常设将军)的一种。一般地位次于四镇将军,高于四平将军。蜀汉则为在四征将军之下,四平将军之上。
历代品秩沿革:四安将军存在时间约为192年-557年,前后约莫360余年。[1]
- 曹魏时为“第三品”,地位相当于九卿、尚书令等重臣。
- 晋朝时四安仍为“第三品”,地位相当于尚书令、侍中等官员。
- 刘宋时则亦为“第三品”,地位不变。
- 南齐时亦有,但品级史料未载,不详。大体与前朝无太多改变。
- 南梁时四安被改为八安,位列“二十一班”,仍为重号将军,为将军职第四等,在八镇之下,四平、四翊之上。
- 北魏时则为四安为“正三品”,加大者,地位相当于吏部尚书、中领军、中书令等官员。
- 北齐时则为四安为“正三品”,地位不变。
- 北周未曾设立后,历代皆无此官位,就此消失。
在东汉末年首次设立该职位,占据徐州的陶谦就曾经在初平三年(192年)三月,董卓死后,因陶谦在李傕、郭汜作乱关中,粮尽援绝之际仍出使奉贡汉献帝,因而被封为徐州牧,加安东将军,封溧阳侯。[2]
在东汉末年首次设立该职位,兴平元年(194年)秋七月甲子,董卓旧将镇南将军杨定在董卓伏诛后,被封为安西将军,开府仪同三司。[3]
在东汉末年首次设立该职位,建安三年(198年),时任宁辑将军的段煨在谒者仆射裴茂的指挥下,进入长安后,指挥梁兴、张横击杀逃到黄白城的李傕,将李傕全家老少二百余口押解许都,曹操下令夷灭三族,献帝遂封段煨为“安南将军”、閺乡侯。[4]
曹魏时为“第三品”,但无得此官职之人的相关纪录。
- ^ 《通典·秩品一~秩品四》
- ^ 《后汉书·陶谦传》:“时董卓虽诛,而李傕、郭汜作乱关中。是时四方断绝,谦每遣使闲行,奉贡西京。诏迁为徐州牧,加“安东将军”,封溧阳侯。”
- ^ 《资治通鉴·卷六十一·汉纪五十三》:“甲子,以镇南将军杨定为安西将军,开府如三公。”
- ^ 《三国志·董卓传》:“三年,使谒者仆射裴茂诏关中诸将段煨等讨李傕,夷三族。以段煨为安南将军,封閺乡侯。”
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