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安东尼奥·费尔南德斯

安东尼奥·费尔南德斯António Fernandes),又作阿尔瓦罗·费尔南德斯Álvaro Fernandes),是15世纪葡萄牙探险家航海家

他是恩里克王子宫廷内的一位骑士,也是同为王子手下,并于1418-1420年间发现了马德拉群岛的葡萄牙探险家若昂·贡萨尔维斯·扎尔科的侄子。1445年,费尔南德斯从扎尔科那里得到了一只装备精良的卡拉维尔帆船,这使得他在当时恩里克王子派出的众多西非海岸探险家的探险角逐中取得了领先优势。他在这次航行穿过了塞内加尔河河口,绕过了佛得角,并可能在格雷岛登陆。接着,他继续向南航行,到了位于佛得角和冈比亚河之间的桅杆角(葡萄牙语称Cabo dos Mastros,因岸边棕榈树远望很像桅杆)附近后返航。

费尔南德斯1446年所进行的第二次航行比第一次走的更远。他这次来到了佛得角以南110里格(约600公里)处,约在今天的科纳克里和洛斯群岛附近,并且已十分接近塞拉利昂海岸。在那里费尔南德斯和他的船员们遇到了几次当地黑人的袭击,他也被毒箭射中受伤,这迫使他不得不返回葡萄牙。他所创造的这一航行记录直到1461年塞拉利昂被发现和命名后才被打破。费尔南德斯回国后得到了极高的荣誉,并从恩里克王子和王子的兄弟、摄政王佩德罗亲王那里得到了丰厚的报酬和奖励。

延伸阅读

  • João de Barros (1552) Décadas da Ásia: Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conquista, dos mares, e terras do Oriente.. Vol. 1 (Dec I, Lib.1-5)页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  • Gomes Eanes de Zurara (1453) Crónica dos feitos notáveis que se passaram na Conquista da Guiné por mandado do Infante D. Henrique or Chronica do descobrimento e conquista da Guiné. (Trans. 1896–99 by C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage), The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea, London: Halyut, v.1页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), v.2页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • Beazley, C.R. and E. Prestage (1896–99) "Introduction" & "Notes" in English translation of Zurara's Chronicle.
  • Castilho, A.M. de (1866) Descripção e roteiro da costa occidental de Africa, desde o cabo de Espartel até o das Agulhas, Lisbon: Impresa Nacional, 2 vols.
  • Cortesão, Armando (1931) "Subsídios para a história do Descobrimento de Cabo Verde e Guiné", Boletim da Agencia Geral das Colonias, No. 75. As reprinted in 1975, Esparsos, vol. 1, Coimbra. online页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • Diffie, Bailey W., and George D. Winius (1977) Foundations of the Portuguese empire, 1415–1580 Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press
  • Manuel de Faria e Sousa (1675) ""Empieça la Memoria de todas las Armadas", in Asia Portuguesa, Vol. 3, p.525-61页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • Diogo Gomes De prima inventione Guineae (Portuguese translation by Gabriel Pereira (1898–99) as "As Relações do Descobrimento da Guiné e das ilhas dos Açores, Madeira e Cabo Verde" in Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa, no. 5 online页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆))
  • Leite, Duarte (1941) Acerca da «Crónica dos Feitos de Guinee». Lisbon: Bertrand
  • Magalhães Godinho, Vitorino de (1945) Documentos sôbre a Espansão Portuguesa, 2 vols, Lisbon: Gleba.
  • Peres, Damião (1943) História dos descobrimentos portugueses, Porto: Portucalense.
  • Quintella, Ignaco da Costa (1839–40) Annaes da Marinha Portugueza, 2 vols, Lisbon: Academia Real das Sciencias. vol. 1页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  • Teixeira da Mota, Avelino (1946) "A descoberta da Guiné", Boletim cultural da Guiné Portuguesa, Vol. 1. Part 1 in No. 1 (Jan), p. 11-68, Pt. 2 in No. 2 (Apr), p. 273-326; Pt. 3 in No. 3 (Jul), p. 457-509.
  • Teixeira da Mota, Avelino (1972) Mar, além Mar: Estudos e ensaios de história e geographia. Lisbon: Junta de Investigações do Ultramar
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安东尼奥·费尔南德斯
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