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孔昱.
孔昱(?—?),字世元[1],鲁国鲁县(今山东省曲阜市)人,孔子二十代孙。
孔昱是东汉末年士人领袖,与张俭、岑晊、刘表、陈翔、苑康、檀敷、翟超并称为“八及”,[2]又与刘表、陈翔、范滂、苑康、檀敷、张俭、岑晊并称为“八友”[3],时人又称之为“海内才珍”。
孔昱的七世祖孔霸,在汉成帝时历任九卿,封褒成君。孔霸的后裔至孔昱这一代,爵位始终传袭不绝,家族中担任宰相、九卿、刺史、太守共计五十三人,列侯七人。孔昱自小学习孔氏家学,大将军梁冀征召他做官,孔昱不作回应。太尉举荐贤良方正,孔昱因为回答问题不合皇帝的意思,于是称病辞去,后来因党锢之祸被禁止做官。汉灵帝即位,以公车征拜孔昱做议郎,补官为洛阳令。孔昱因为老师去世,放弃官职,死在家里。[4]
《鲁相韩敕造孔庙礼器碑》与《史晨飨孔庙后碑》均称“孔翊字元世”,而孔翊是孔昱的亲叔叔,叔侄不可能同时字元世,《后汉书》所记载孔昱字元世有误[5]。
- ^ 唐晏 《两汉三国学案·书类》:孔昱字世元,雒阳令。时人为之语:“海内才珍孔世元”。
- ^ 《后汉书·卷六十七·党锢列传第五十七》:张俭、岑晊、刘表、陈翔、孔昱、苑康、檀敷、翟超为“八及”。及者,言其能导人追宗者也。
- ^ 《三国志注·魏书六·董二袁刘传第六》:汉末名士录云:表与汝南陈翔字仲麟、范滂字孟博、鲁国孔昱字世元、勃海苑康字仲真、山阳檀敷字文友、张俭字元节、南阳岑晊字公孝为八友。
- ^ 《后汉书·卷六十七·党锢列传第五十七》:孔昱字元世,鲁国鲁人也。七世祖霸,成帝时历九卿,封褒成侯。自霸至昱,爵位相系,其卿相牧守五十三人,列侯七人。昱少习家学,大将军梁冀辟,不应。太尉举方正,对策不合,乃辞病去。后遭党事禁锢。灵帝即位,公车征拜议郎,补洛阳令,以师丧弃官,卒于家。
- ^ 《东汉孔氏家学及<孔丛子>伪书公案》 曲阜师范大学 2007年 李新民
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