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侄子枢机

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亚历山大·法尔内塞教宗保禄三世的侄子枢机

侄子枢机拉丁语Cardinalis nepos[1]意大利语Cardinale nipote[2];西班牙语:valido de su tío;法语:Prince de fortune[3])是中世纪的一种枢机任命惯例,指以教宗侄子外甥及类似亲戚关系而被任命为枢机者。由于教宗的神职人员身份不允许有后裔,因此侄子枢机可说是教宗所能找到的血源最相近的晚辈,也可说是他的亲信。因此在一段时期中许多重要职务都会由侄子枢机担当。事实上英文中的nepotism裙带关系)就是从这种任人唯亲的行为中引申而来的。[4]

侄子枢机在17世纪时于圣座历史占有极大的影响力,圣座国土总监一职于1566年至1692年期间都是由侄子枢机职掌,以至于这两个专有名词被视为同义词。尔后随着教会的改革及圣座的世俗权力降低,侄子枢机也逐渐失权。最后教宗依诺增爵十二世于1692年发布了宗座诏书《相称于罗马教宗英语Romanum decet pontificem》,宣布由圣座国务枢机卿取代侄子枢机一职才禁止了这种做法,但是后继教宗仍然有任命侄子枢机,只是数量明显减少。

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ Cardinale, Hyginus Eugene. 1976. The Holy See and the International Order. Maclean-Hunter Press. p. 133.
  2. ^ Burckhardt, Jacob, and Middlemore, Samuel George Chetwynd. 1892. The Civilisation of the Renaissance in Italy. Sonnenschein. p. 107.
  3. ^ Signorotto and Visceglia, 2002, p. 114. Modern French scholarly literature uses the term "cardinal-neveu页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆".
  4. ^ 英文字彙的故事-N. [永久失效链接]
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侄子枢机
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