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奥地利的唐胡安.
奥地利的唐·胡安(西班牙语:Don Juan de Austria;德语:Ritter Johann von Österreich;1547年2月24日—1578年10月1日),生于雷根斯堡,卒于西属尼德兰那慕尔附近的布日。是神圣罗马帝国皇帝查理五世的私生子。他作为勒班陀战役神圣同盟一方的总舰队指挥官而闻名。
父亲查理五世去世后,他异母兄弟西班牙国王腓力二世命名他为奥地利的唐·胡安(1559年)。他出任西班牙军队的指挥官,1571年又被指派领导神圣联盟的海军对奥斯曼帝国作战,取得勒班陀战役的胜利。1576年任命为尼德兰总督,后来开始了尼德兰人反对西班牙统治的公开暴动。当他的外交努力失败时,他又继续进行战斗。1578年唐·胡安在尼德兰染上了伤寒,再加上心灰意冷,最终离世。唐·胡安一生渴望光荣和一顶自己的王冠。虽然他获得了勒班陀的胜利但谨慎的腓力二世也没给他多少赞誉。勒班陀战役仅仅两个月后,他对自己的命运做了悲哀的描述:“我的时间花在了建造空中楼阁上。但最后,所有的楼阁,和我自己,都随风消散。”[1]
胡安未婚,有两个私生女。
- ^ [英]罗杰.克劳利. 海洋帝国——地中海大决战. 陆大鹏(译). 北京: 社会科学文献出版社. : p418–p419. ISBN 9787509744208 (英语).
我的时间花在了建造空中楼阁上。但最后,所有的楼阁,和我自己,都随风消散。
延伸阅读[编辑]
- Fernand Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II. 2 vols. New York, Harper, 1972, translated from La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l'époque de Philippe II, 2nd éd., Paris: 1966
- Capponi, Niccolò, Victory of the West: The Great Christian-Muslim Clash at the Battle of Lepanto (2006)
- Coloma, Luis, The Story of Don John of Austria, trans. Lady Moreton, New York: 1912. John Lane Company.
- Dennis, Amarie. Don Juan of Austria. Madrid, privately printed, 1966. A sensitive study of Don John, by an American long resident in Spain, it rests mainly on contemporary sources and has a lively treatment of Lepanto.
- Essen, Léon van der. Alexandre Farnèse, Prince de Parme, Gouverneur Général des Pays-Bas (1578–92), 5 vols., Brussels, 1933–35
- Guilmartin, J.F. Gunpowder and Galleys (revised edition, 2003)
- Petrie, Sir Charles. Don John of Austria. New York: 1967.
- Stirling-Maxwell, William. Don John of Austria. 2 vols. London: 1883.
- Törne, P. O. de, Don Juan d'Autriche et les projets de conquête de l'Angleterre (1928)
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