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奥朗日凯旋门


奥朗日的古罗马剧场及其周边和凯旋门
世界遗产
凯旋门
官方名称Roman Theatre and its Surroundings and the Monumental Arch of Orange(英文)
Théâtre antique et ses abords et « Arc de Triomphe » d'Orange(法文)
位置 法国欧洲和北美地区
标准 iii, vi
参考编码163
登录年份1981(5th会议
网站UNESCO的记录(英文)

奥朗日凯旋门(法语:Arc de triomphe d'Orange)是一个凯旋门,位于法国东南部城市奥朗日。关于凯旋门何时建成尚有争议[1],目前的研究接受作为证据的铭文[2]支持建于奥古斯都在位期间的说法,即公元前27年至公元14年之间[3]。它修建在过去的阿格里帕大道(via Agrippa)上,褒扬高卢战争和第二奥古斯都军团的退伍军人。后来在公元20年代由继任的皇帝提庇留重建,以庆祝日耳曼尼库斯战胜莱茵兰的日耳曼部落[3]。凯旋门内有公元27年献给皇帝提庇留的铭文[4]。凯旋门描绘各种军事主题的浮雕,其中包括海战,以及与日耳曼人高卢人的战争[4]

在中世纪,这座凯旋门被修建到城墙内,以守卫城市的北部入口[3]。建筑师奥古斯丁Caristie进行研究,在1850年代进行修复[4]。凯旋门最初使用巨大的石灰石块建造。它有三个拱门,中间一个大于侧翼的。整个建筑长19.57米,宽8.40米,高19.21米[3]。每个立面有四个科林斯柱。这座凯旋门是幸存下来最古老的凯旋门,其设计后来为罗马城的塞维鲁凯旋门君士坦丁凯旋门所效仿。

参考文献

  1. ^ Bibliography of scholarship that rejects the inscription as evidence for dating the construction is presented by James C. Anderson, Jr., "Anachronism in the Roman Architecture of Gaul: The Date of the Maison Carrée at Nîmes" The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 60,1(March 2001:68-79) p. 71 note 12; Anderson offers a revised date in the first half of the second century for the Maison Carrée: "in short, once the date of the Maison Carrée is called into question, the entire chronology for such Romano-Provençal monuments requires reassessment"(p. 72).
  2. ^ The traditional dating for the triumphal arches of Gallia Narbonensis is summarized in Pierre Gros, "Pour une chronologie des arcs de triomphe de Gaule narbonnaise", Gallia 37(1979:55-83
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Cleere, Henry. Southern France: An Oxford Archaeological Guide. Oxford University Press. May 14, 2001: 122–123. ISBN 0192880063. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bromwich, James. The Roman Remains of Southern France: A Guidebook. Routledge. 1993: 183–186. ISBN 0415143586. 
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奥朗日凯旋门
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