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奇异物质 (假设事物).
在物理学中,奇异物质(英语:exotic matter)指的是与普通物质不同,具有奇异特性的物质的统称。奇异物质有以下几种:
负质量
拥有负质量(negative mass)的一类奇异物质有时译为负物质。注意这里的“负物质”与“反物质”(antimatter)是完全不同的概念,负物质拥有负质量/负能量,而反物质具有正质量/正能量[1]。
负物质可能拥有一些奇特的特性,如往施力方向的反方向加速。譬如一个惯性质量为负、电荷为正的物体与带电的普通物质相互作用,它会与带正电的物体相吸,与带负电的物质相斥,完全与普通物质间的“同性相斥,异性相吸”相反。这种反常的行为可产生一些不可思议的结果。
虚质量
静止质量为虚数的假想粒子称为快子,其运动速度永远高于光速。目前尚无证据表明快子存在。
,其中E为能量,m为质量,c为光速(常数),v为速度
如果静止质量m是虚数,由于E(能量)必须是实数,说明分母也是虚数,即被开方数为负,而只有v(速度)大于c(光速)时该条件才满足。格雷戈里·本福特等人指出,根据狭义相对论,若快子存在,可实现与过去的通讯[2](见快子电话)。
在量子场论中,虚质量会导致快子凝聚。
另见
- 奇异物质(strange matter) - 与“exotic matter”译名相同,但是不同的概念
- 虫洞
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