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太宰

太宰中国古代官职,在不同的朝代职责和地位不同。“宰”作为官名,在甲骨文中已经出现,责任是总管王家事务。西周时开始设置太宰,也叫大冢宰,或大宰,即冢宰的首领。太宰的职责是“掌管国家的六种典籍,用来辅佐国王治理国家。”[1]其中六种典籍是治典、教典、礼典、政典、刑典、事典,可见当时的太宰是百官之首,相当于后来的宰相丞相[2]但后来由于王室的衰落,太宰这个官职的重要性在春秋时期下降了许多,以致于被排除在三公太师太傅太保)之外。[3]参见周朝官制

秦朝时,太宰是负责皇帝饮食以及祭祀用食物供奉的官员。参见秦朝官制

汉朝时,也有一名叫“太宰”的官职,但同周朝时的太宰职位大不相同,乃是辅佐主管宗庙礼仪九卿之一太常的辅助官员。参见西汉官制

一直到晋朝,因避讳司马师的名字,将太师改称太宰,才恢复成为地位高尚的崇官之一。

宋朝宋徽宗政和改制,以左仆射门下侍郎太宰兼门下侍郎、以右仆射中书侍郎少宰兼中书侍郎,充首相、次相。

历史人物

宋国

华督 向带 鱼府 西鉏吾 皇国父

楚国

子商 伯州犁 𫇭启彊

两晋(太师)
南朝(太师)
十六国
北朝(太宰、太师)
宋朝(左仆射)
少宰(右仆射)

参考文献

  1. ^ 周礼·天官冢宰》[1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ 周禮註疏/卷二 - 維基文庫,自由的圖書館. zh.wikisource.org. [2018-02-13]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-04) (中文(繁体)). 
  3. ^ 陈茂同,《历代职官沿革史》
  4. ^ 長短經/用無用二五 - 維基文庫,自由的圖書館. zh.wikisource.org. [2018-02-13]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-04) (中文(繁体)). 
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太宰
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