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房宿三

房宿三(天蝎座δ)
房宿三的位置(圆圈)
观测资料
历元 J2000
星座 天蝎座
星官 房宿
赤经 16h 00m 20.00528s[1]
赤纬 –22° 37′ 18.1431″[1]
视星等(V) 2.307[2] (1.6[3] - 2.32[4])
特性
光谱分类B0.3 IV[5] + B1-3V[6]
U−B 色指数–0.920[2]
B−V 色指数–0.124[2]
变星类型仙后座γ型变星[4]
天体测定
径向速度 (Rv)–7[7] km/s
自行 (μ) 赤经:-10.21[1] mas/yr
赤纬:-35.41[1] mas/yr
视差 (π)6.64 ± 0.89[1] mas
距离136.0[6] pc
绝对星等 (MV)–3.8[8]
轨道[6][9]
绕行周期 (P)10.8092 ± 0.0005 yr
半长轴 (a)0.09874 ± 0.00007"
(13.5 ± 0.1 AU)
偏心率 (e)0.936 ± 0.003
倾斜角 (i)36 ± 1°
升交点黄经 (Ω)174.0 ± 2.5°
近心点 历元 (T)2011 July 3rd
近心点幅角 (ω)
(secondary)
−2.3 ± 3.8°
半振幅 (K1)
(primary)
23.9 ± 0.8 km/s
详细资料
质量13 + 8.2[6] M
半径6.7[10](A) R
表面重力 (log g)3.92[8](A)
亮度38,000[11](A) L
温度27,400[11] + 20-24,000[6] K
自转速度 (v sin i)180[5](A) km/s
年龄9-10[6][11] Myr
其他命名
Dschubba, Dzuba,[12] Al Jabba,[12] Iclarkrau,[12] 7 Scorpii, BD−22°4068, HD 143275, HIP 78401, HR 5953, FK5 594, SAO 184014, CCDM 16003-2237
参考数据库
SIMBAD资料

房宿三拉丁化来自δ Scorpii,缩写为Delta Scoδ Sco )是一颗联星(系统中第三颗恒星的存在正在争论中[3]),位在星座天蝎座。主星被命名为Dschubba/ˈʌbə/.[13][14]

观察

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房宿三位于黄道南方2.0度。1981年,它被航海家2号观察到它被土星环遮挡,星光意外地被明显的空隙遮挡,这表明"主环系统中任何地方都几乎没有空的空间"[15]

变异性

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房宿三A是一颗仙后座γ型变星。这种类型的恒星是由于环绕在周围的物质,而显示出百分之几星等的缓慢且不规则的亮度变化。

在2000年6月,塞巴斯蒂安·奥特罗(Sebastian Otero)观察到房宿三比正常情况亮0.1星等;自那以后,它的亮度一直在变化,是星等至少达到了1.6星等,改变了人们熟悉的天蝎座外观。爆发开始后拍摄的光谱表明,这颗恒星正在从其赤道区域抛出发光气体。它的伴星在2011年经过近星点附近,再次导致这颗恒星在2011年7月5日至15日之间达到1.65的峰值[3][16]

命名法

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心宿增四(蛇夫座ρ)的区域。 房宿三(天蝎座δ)是左边明亮的白色恒星(北面向下)。

房宿三(拉丁化为Delta Scorpii)在拜耳系统的名称是天蝎座δ。两颗成员分别是"天蝎座A"和"B"。

房宿三的传统名称是"Dschubba"。在2016年,国际天文学联合会组织了恒星名称工作组(WGSN)[17],对恒星的专有名称进行编目和标准化。WGSN于2016年8月21日批准了"Dschubba"做为"天蝎座δA"的名称[14]

中国,房宿意思是"房间",指由天蝎座δ、天蝎座β1天蝎座β2天蝎座π、和天蝎座ρ组成的星群[18]。因此,中文名的房宿三就是天蝎座δ,意思就是"房间(房宿)的第三颗星"[19]

性质

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房宿三曾被用做B0 IV分类的光谱标准,但现在被认为太不寻常和多变[6]

主星房宿三A,是一颗B级次巨星,周围环绕着由快速旋转的恒星剥离的物质形成的盘。伴星房宿三B以10.5年在高度细长的椭圆轨道上运行一周;它似乎是一颗正常的B型主序星。有报导称,房宿三A本身是非常接近的光谱联星,但事实似乎并非如此[3]

根据房宿三的自行,它是天蝎-半人马OB星协的子群,上天蝎的成员,这是由最接近太阳的大质量恒星组成,有共同运动的恒星集团[8][11]。上天蝎子群包含数千颗平均年龄为1,100万年的年轻恒星,平均距离为470光年(145秒差距)[11]

参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 van Leeuwen, F. Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction. Astronomy and Astrophysics. November 2007, 474 (2): 653–664. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. arXiv:0708.1752可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Gutierrez-Moreno, Adelina; Moreno, Hugo. A photometric investigation of the Scorpio-Centaurus association. Astrophysical Journal Supplement. June 1968, 15: 459. Bibcode:1968ApJS...15..459G. doi:10.1086/190168. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Miroshnichenko, A. S.; Pasechnik, A. V.; Manset, N.; Carciofi, A. C.; Rivinius, Th.; Štefl, S.; Gvaramadze, V. V.; Ribeiro, J.; Fernando, A.; Garrel, T.; Knapen, J. H.; Buil, C.; Heathcote, B.; Pollmann, E.; Mauclaire, B.; Thizy, O.; Martin, J.; Zharikov, S. V.; Okazaki, A. T.; Gandet, T. L.; Eversberg, T.; Reinecke, N. THE 2011 PERIASTRON PASSAGE OF THE Be BINARY δ Scorpii. The Astrophysical Journal. 2013, 766 (2): 119. Bibcode:2013ApJ...766..119M. arXiv:1302.4021可免费查阅. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/766/2/119. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007–2013). VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/gcvs. Originally published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 2009, 1: 02025. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Balona, L. A.; Dziembowski, W. A. Excitation and visibility of high-degree modes in stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. October 1999, 309 (1): 221–232. Bibcode:1999MNRAS.309..221B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02821.x. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Miroshnichenko, A. S.; Pasechnik, A. V.; Manset, N.; Carciofi, A. C.; Rivinius, Th.; Štefl, S.; Gvaramadze, V. V.; Ribeiro, J.; Fernando, A.; Garrel, T.; Knapen, J. H.; Buil, C.; Heathcote, B.; Pollmann, E.; Mauclaire, B.; Thizy, O.; Martin, J.; Zharikov, S. V.; Okazaki, A. T.; Gandet, T. L.; Eversberg, T.; Reinecke, N. THE 2011 PERIASTRON PASSAGE OF THE Be BINARY δ Scorpii. The Astrophysical Journal. 2013, 766 (2): 119. Bibcode:2013ApJ...766..119M. arXiv:1302.4021可免费查阅. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/766/2/119. 
  7. ^ Evans, D. S. Batten, Alan Henry; Heard, John Frederick , 编. The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities 30. University of Toronto: International Astronomical Union. June 20–24, 1966: 57. Bibcode:1967IAUS...30...57E.  |journal=被忽略 (帮助); |booktitle=被忽略 (帮助)
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 de Geus, E. J.; de Zeeuw, P. T.; Lub, J. Physical parameters of stars in the Scorpio-Centaurus OB association. Astronomy and Astrophysics. June 1989, 216 (1–2): 44–61. Bibcode:1989A&A...216...44D. 
  9. ^ Meilland, A.; et al. The binary Be star δ Scorpii at high spectral and spatial resolution. I. Disk geometry and kinematics before the 2011 periastron. Astronomy & Astrophysics. August 2011, 532: A80. Bibcode:2011A&A...532A..80M. arXiv:1106.1746可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116798. 
  10. ^ Underhill, A. B.; et al. Effective temperatures, angular diameters, distances and linear radii for 160 O and B stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. November 1979, 189 (3): 601–605. Bibcode:1979MNRAS.189..601U. doi:10.1093/mnras/189.3.601. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Mark J. Pecaut; Eric E. Mamajek & Eric J. Bubar. A Revised Age for Upper Scorpius and the Star Formation History among the F-type Members of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB Association. Astrophysical Journal. February 2012, 746 (2): 154. Bibcode:2012ApJ...746..154P. S2CID 118461108. arXiv:1112.1695可免费查阅. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/746/2/154. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Moore, Patrick. Scorpion in the Sky. The Sky at Night. 2010: 95. ISBN 978-1-4419-6408-3. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6409-0_24. 
  13. ^ Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim. A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations 2nd rev. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. 2006. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 IAU Catalog of Star Names. [2016-07-28]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-07). 
  15. ^ Moore, Patrick. The Data Book of Astronomy. CRC Press. 2000. ISBN 9781420033441. 
  16. ^ Sigismondi, Costantino, Differential photometry of delta Scorpii during 2011 periastron 1112: 2356, 2011, Bibcode:2011arXiv1112.2356S, arXiv:1112.2356可免费查阅 
  17. ^ IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN), International Astronomical Union, [2016-05-22], (原始内容存档于2020-05-13). 
  18. ^ (中文) 中国星座神话, written by 陈久金. Published by 台湾书房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  19. ^ (中文) 香港太空馆 - 研究资源 - 亮星中英对照表 互联网档案馆存档,存档日期2008-10-25., Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.

外部链接

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房宿三
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