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大查科

大查科的景色(巴拉圭)

大查科[1][2]Gran Chaco),又译作大查科,亦意译为大猎场,是南美洲中部的冲积平原。这个地名是由西班牙语Gran”(大的)和瓜拉尼语Chaco”(狩猎场)组成。

概述

大查科位于安第斯山脉以东,巴拉圭河巴拉那河以西,亚马孙盆地以南,潘帕斯草原以北。南北长约1400公里,东西宽约600—700公里,地跨玻利维亚巴拉圭阿根廷三国,面积约65万平方公里,海拔约在100—400米之间,年降水量为500—1400毫米左右,西部地势较高,多为丘陵,降雨少,蒸发强烈,大部分地区较干旱。东部地势较低,多为沼泽低地,由于雨量大且流经这里的河流众多,洪水泛滥时,土地经常被淹。这里也是南美洲夏季最热的地区之一,南回归线横贯,平均气温24—30℃,绝对最高气温达47℃以上。

大查科被皮科马约河贝尔梅霍河分割成三部分,其中皮科马约河以北为北查科皮科马约河以南、贝尔梅霍河以北为中查科贝尔梅霍河以南为南查科。中查科和南查科属阿根廷。有广袤的灌木林和热带草原森林资源很丰富,以破斧树(克维伯树,Quebracho Tree)最著名,人口主要为印第安人,从事农牧业,这里也是阿根廷棉花主要产区。北查科地广人稀但蕴藏有石油,其归属在玻利维亚巴拉圭之间存有争议,经过1932-1935年的大厦谷战争后,双方缔结了《布宜诺斯艾利斯和约》,巴拉圭获得北查科中部和东部共约2/3的领土,玻利维亚获得北查科西部共约1/3的领土。

参考资料

  1. ^ 周定国. 世界地名翻译大辞典. 北京: 中国对外翻译出版公司. 2007. ISBN 978-7-5001-0753-8. 
  2. ^ Chaco 查科. 双语词汇、学术名词暨辞书资讯网. 国家教育研究院. [2020-10-23]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-29) (中文(台湾)). 
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大查科
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