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多株B细胞反应

B细胞对抗线性表位抗原的多株反应[1]
被辨识为非自我的物质举例

多株B细胞反应(英语:polyclonal B cell response)是一种哺乳类后天免疫系统所表现的自然免疫反应。它确保多株B细胞能辨识单独抗原,进而攻击抗原被抗体辨识或结合的部分,即抗原决定位(英语:epitopes[1][2]

在正常的免疫反应中,免疫系统能辨识病原体(如:细菌)的特定部位为外来物(非自我),进而消灭或有效中和病原体,以降低其潜在的破坏性。这种能被辨识的物质称为抗原。免疫系统有多种对付抗原的途径;其中一种免疫机制称为体液免疫,即由B细胞制造抗体对抗抗原。抗体具可溶性,能免去抗原和B细胞之间的直接接触。

抗原通常是一种巨大而构造复杂的物质,而单一抗体只能和抗原的特定微小部位结合。因此,免疫系统通常由多种不同的B细胞制造出大量不同的抗体,对同一个抗原执行免疫反应。细胞株(英语:clone)是指一群由单一母细胞所产生的细胞,故名为“多株”(英语:polyclonal[3][4][5]。在多株反应中制造的抗体称为多株抗体。异质的多株抗体和单克隆抗体不同;后者彼此间构造完全相同,只针对同一个抗原决定位产生反应,较具有专一性。

多株反应能更有效地对抗病原体,让免疫系统更具有优势;然而,由于免疫系统也可能对抗寄主本身制造的分子物质,它同时提高了发展出特定自体免疫疾病的机会。

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Goldsby, Richard; Kindt, TJ; Osborne, BA; Janis Kuby. Antigens (Chapter 3). Immunology Fifth. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. 2003: 57–75. ISBN 0-7167-4947-5 (英语). 
  2. ^ Definition of Polyclonal from MedicineNet.com. Webster's New World Medical Dictionary. [2008-05-03]. (原始内容存档于2012-08-07) (英语). 
  3. ^ Frank, Steven A. Specificity and Cross-Reactivity (Chapter 4). Immunology and Evolution of Infectious Disease. Princeton University. 2002: 33–56 [2008-06-23]. ISBN 0-691-09595-7 (英语). 
  4. ^ Etymology of "clone". Online etymology dictionary. [2008-06-26]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-15) (英语). 
  5. ^ Bansal, R.K. Reproductive Cloning-An Act Of Human Rights Violation (PDF). Journal of Indian Association of Forensic Medicine (Indian Association of Forensic Medicine). 2005, 27 (3): 971–973 [2008-06-23]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-12-16) (英语). 

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多株B细胞反应
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