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日本海鲂

日本海鲂
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri
目: 海鲂目 Zeiformes
科: 海鲂科 Zeidae
属: 海鲂属 Zeus
种:
日本海鲂 Z. faber
二名法
Zeus faber
Linnaeus, 1758
异名[2]
列表
    • Zeus australis
      Richardson, 1845
    • Zeus faber mauritanicus
      Desbrosses, 1937
    • Zeus japonicus
      Valenciennes, 1835
    • Zeus pungio
      Cuvier, 1829

日本海fáng学名Zeus faber),又称远东海鲂海鲂鲂鱼镜鱼镜鲳马头鲷日本的鲷豆的鲷的鲷,是辐鳍鱼纲海鲂目的其中一。在台湾的高级餐厅菜单中称为鲂鱼,英文俗名为John Dory,音译为多利鱼

分布

该鱼广泛分布于除黑海外的大西洋东岸、印度洋沿岸以及太平洋西岸。[2][3]

日本海鲂 Zeus faber

深度

水深上下限40至200米。[2]

特征

本鱼臀鳍棘4枚,背鳍硬棘部基底无棘状板。沿背鳍软条部和臀鳍之基底有5至7枚大形棘状板。胸鳍短;腹鳍延长,后端达臀鳍起点之后;尾鳍截平。鳞片十分细小,牢牢附着于体侧,体高甚大且侧扁,吻深裂,头大型。胸鳍上有一大黑斑,体呈淡褐色,体侧有10条左右的长条状纵带,分布不平均,口部朝上且可伸出,颌可伸缩,上下颌齿小,腭骨则无齿[2]。体长可达90公分,但极少超过40公分。最重可达8公斤[3]

生态学

本鱼大多栖息于深海之泥质海底,而在夏秋两季则可能会游到礁石附近。[2]本鱼通常分布水深为100-200m,但在至浅5m、至深400m处均有目击记录。[3]

本鱼身体极扁,因而猎物难以从正面发现,而其在头部正面的大眼可帮助其发现和定位猎物的深度,而其胸鳍上的大黑斑亦可作为假眼迷惑猎物。[4]

本鱼的猎物包括鱿鱼、乌贼、甲壳类动物及小型鱼类[3],而天敌包括例如灰色真鲨等大型鱼类。

繁殖与寿命

该鱼在3岁到4.5岁即可繁殖,野外寿命可达14岁。[3]

经济利用

中大型鱼类,常为底拖网捕获,肉质鲜美,极具食用价值。[2]

仿冒品

台湾坊间低价、去骨去皮的多利鱼、鲂鱼或雪斑鱼,皆为东南亚、越南淡水养殖的低眼无齿𩷶博氏巨鲶Pangasius bocourti,俗称“巴沙鱼”,也被用来假冒为龙脷鱼),假冒高价的深海产鲂鱼,使很多人误以为“鲶鱼”就是鲂鱼、多利鱼或国宴鱼。最简单的分辨方法是日本海鲂的鱼片带有鱼皮,呈三角形;鲶鱼的鱼片没有鱼皮,呈长条形(长舌状)。[5]

参考文献

  1. ^ Iwamoto, T. 2015. Zeus faber. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T198769A42390771. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198769A42390771.en. Downloaded on 06 April 2020.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2020). Zeus faber. FishBase. Version 2020-04.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Mazza, G. (2008). Zeus faber. [online] Monaco Nature Encyclopedia. Available at: https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/zeus-faber/?lang=en页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) [Accessed 10 Aug. 2022].
  4. ^ Walrond, Carl (2006) Coastal fish - Fish of the open sea floor, Te Ara: Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
  5. ^ 魴魚產品真真假假,業者應正確標示品名. 食品药物管理署. 2015-01-29 [2020-04-06]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-06). 

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:钦定古今图书集成·博物汇编·禽虫典·鲂鱼部》,出自陈梦雷古今图书集成

外部链接

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日本海鲂
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