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多元主义

多元主义(英语:Pluralism)在社会科学政治哲学中,指不同种族民族宗教社会群体在一个共同文明体或共同社会的框架下,持续并自主地参与及发展自有传统文化或获取利益并且互相尊重以及互相学习、交流、合作。

在多元社会中,不同族群相互间展示尊重与容纳,从而使他们可以安乐共存、相互间没有冲突同化。许多人认为多元是现代社会的最重要特征之一,也是科学、社会、经济等发展的关键性推动力量。

威权主义寡头政治的社会,权力高度集中,各项决定由少数人做出。在多元社会,权力、决策过程及利益分享相对较为分散。人们相信这样可以鼓励社会成员更广泛的参与、更大的约束感、以及更佳的成效。比如,多元主义对下列情形是重要的:公司、政治体、经济体、科学界。在科研过程,多元主义是知识快速增长的重要因素。返回来,知识增长可以通过提高生产力经济增长、改善医疗等来增进人类福利。

在多元社会的观念下,社会反对任何歧视的政策,认为在多元文化的社会中,任何人不论性别种族民族宗教身心障碍(故年龄、疾病之身心差异亦不该受歧视)、性倾向,都不应有任何歧视(分类归因的轻视或敌视或误解)或差别对待,多元社会应互相包容和彼此尊重,任何人的自由意见和立场都必须尊重。多元的社会是对自由的保障。

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多元主义
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