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外轮船

外轮船或称明轮船[1]为一种内动力船,有蒸汽或内燃机等型,靠两舷的大型水车状轮桨拨水前进。

15世纪画轴中的罗马外轮船
现代外轮船
清代车轮舸
唐代车轮舟
船尾式外轮

已知最早的西方纪录中古罗马已经出现使用轮桨的船只,只是靠人力或动物在内部推动,也搭配船桨补助。中国南史纪录中则是418年南北朝时代王镇恶的水军装备没有船桨的蒙冲,可能采用轮桨推进[2]祖冲之建造的千里船英语qianli chuan可能也使用轮桨,552年梁国水军则很明确有典型人力外轮船被称为“水车”,同时期其他地方小水军也有“双轮”“步舰”等船只出现多半使用人力在船内踩踏驱动轮体。[3]唐朝后大量出现并已经为外国所知,到宋朝外轮船体积和动力有所优化已经装上冲角来冲撞敌军,并能载300人以上做为主力军事用途的一类军舰,被称为海鳅船。

近代18世纪末期美国学者罗伯特·富尔顿首次将蒸汽机用于外轮船开创先河,1845年后英国海军正式将蒸气外轮船作为军舰必备的船种。[4]

参考文献

  1. ^ 明輪船 paddle steamer. 乐词网. [2022-11-07]. (原始内容存档于2022-11-07). 
  2. ^ 资治通鉴/卷118 - 维基文库,自由的图书馆. [2023-09-21]. (原始内容存档于2022-11-05) (中文(简体)). 镇恶溯渭而上,乘蒙冲小舰,行船者皆在舰内;秦人见舰进而无行船者,皆惊以为神。 
  3. ^ 牛山辉代訳‘中国の科学と文明’河出书房新社。ISBN 9784309224862
  4. ^ Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 3, Civil Engineering and Nautics. Taipei: Caves Books. p. 31.
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外轮船
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