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澳大利亚坚果

澳洲坚果属
Macadamia integrifolia的叶子和坚果
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
目: 山龙眼目 Proteales
科: 山龙眼科 Proteaceae
属: 澳洲坚果属 Macadamia
F.Muell.

Macadamia claudiensis
Macadamia grandis
Macadamia hildebrandii
Macadamia integrifolia
Macadamia jansenii
Macadamia ternifolia
Macadamia tetraphylla
Macadamia whelanii
Macadamia neurophylla

澳大利亚坚果属学名Macadamia,又名澳大利亚坚果(仁)澳洲坚果澳洲核桃昆士兰山龙眼夏威夷火山豆夏威夷豆),是山龙眼科植物的一属,共包括九个种[1][2]。澳大利亚坚果广泛分布于澳洲东部(七个种)、新喀里多尼亚(New Caledonia,一个种M. neurophylla)及印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛(一个种M. hildebrandii)。

澳大利亚坚果是2-12米高的常绿乔木,叶片3-6轮排列,椭圆或倒卵形,6-30厘米长,2-13厘米阔,边缘有锯齿。花为细长的总状花序,单个花长10-15毫米,白色至分红或紫色,有四片被片。果实为坚硬的木质小球,有一个明显的顶点,内含1-2个种子,种子可供食用。台湾于1910年代引进林业试验场台北苗圃作为标本树栽植,1931年又从夏威夷引入种子和实生苗500株在嘉义林业试验支场栽种。1940年原岭南大学引种澳洲坚果于广州。

食用价值

[编辑]
澳大利亚坚果(未加工,100
每100 g(3.5 oz)食物营养值
3,080 kJ(740 kcal)
7.9 g
74.0 g
*饱和脂肪:10.0 g
*单不饱和脂肪酸:60 g
多不饱和脂肪酸:4.0 g
9.2 g
维生素
吡哆醇维生素B6
(0%)
0 mg
维生素C
(0%)
0 mg
维生素E
(27%)
4 mg
膳食矿物质
(6%)
64 mg
(15%)
2 mg
(0%)
0 mg
(34%)
241 mg
(9%)
410 mg
(0%)
0 mg
参照美国标准的相对百分比
成人每日的参考膳食摄入量(DRI)
来源:(英文)美国农业部营养数据库

澳大利亚坚果含油量高达70%以上,富含不饱和脂肪酸,还含有丰富的钙,磷 ,铁,维生素B1、B2和人体必需的8种氨基酸。同时由于热量过高,每日食用3~5颗即可,过量摄入可能会引起肥胖等问题。

参考

[编辑]
  1. ^ Macadamia%. Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS) database (listing by % wildcard matching of all taxa relevant to Australia). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. [26 Apr 2013]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-12). 
  2. ^ Mast, Austin R.; Willis, Crystal L.; Jones, Eric H.; Downs, Katherine M.; Weston, Peter H. A smaller Macadamia from a more vagile tribe: inference of phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and diaspore evolution in Macadamia and relatives (tribe Macadamieae; Proteaceae). American Journal of Botany. July 2008, 95 (7): 843–870 [4 Apr 2013]. ISSN 1537-2197. PMID 21632410. doi:10.3732/ajb.0700006. (原始内容存档于2020-09-01). 
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澳大利亚坚果
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