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音强

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声音的衡量
特征
符号
 声压 p, SPL,LPA
 粒子速度 v, SVL
 粒子位移 δ
 声强 I, SIL
 声功率 P, SWL, LWA
 声能 W
 声能密度 w
 暴露声级 E, SEL
 声阻抗 Z
 声频 AF
 传输损耗 TL

音强(英语:sound intensityacoustic intensity),亦称“声强”或“声强度”,指单位面积上的声音功率,是语音的四要素之一。音强反映的是声音的客观物理强弱,和主观的响度相对应。

物理上说,音强决定于发音体振动的振幅。振幅越大,音强越强。从生理上说,音强取决于发音时声门下压力的大小。发音时发音器官的肌肉活动增强(用力大),呼出的气流量大,则气流对发音器官的压力大,则发音体振幅大,于是音强就强;反之,音强就弱。

讨论语音的声学性质时音强的因素不可或缺,在探讨某些发声情况(如探讨朝鲜语中的紧辅音和松辅音的区别)的声学性质时,音强可以起辨别作用[1]元音音色的不同实际上就是不同频率段上的音强的大小不同。

但在语言学中,音强的作用十分有限。声音的响度是音强、音高音长、音色的综合表现,而音强往往不起主导作用。

注释

  1. ^ 朱晓农. 语音学. 北京: 商务印书馆. 2010: 44. ISBN 9787100066815. 

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音强
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