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块规

块规

块规是一种用于精密量测的标准工具,可以用做长度量测的标准件。块规大部分以合金钢工具钢等耐磨之材质制成,外形通常是长方体,其六面中有一对相对的两面是实际使用的量测面,以极高的加工精度制成,使用时必须先进行清洁,并不得以手碰触。另四面为侧面,表面精度可以较量测面低,除了做为手持处外,也会刻上该块规之基本资料如长度等做为辨识。

块规通常以数十到上百个不同尺寸为一组,可用扭合方式相互结合而成各种不同尺寸,以因应不同的待测尺寸。

块规的历史

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1890年,瑞典兵工厂的一位机工领班H. Ellstrom,首先制造出两面相互平行的钢质块规,用于尺寸量测。但由于这些块规数量极少,无法满足各种工件尺寸的量测需求,于是在1898年与Ellstrom同部门的Carl Edvard Johansson,制造出一系列大小不同尺寸的块规,以满足不同尺寸的量测需要。这个发明在1901年以“精密量测块规组”获得专利。

但是当时块规是以手工方式制作,成本颇高,而未被广泛使用。后来美国国家标准局的William E. Hoke将块规改用机械加工方式生产,使得块规能够大量制造,因此才广受工业界的重视与应用。

参考文献

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  • Althin, Torsten K.W., C.E. Johansson, 1864–1943: The Master of Measurement, Stockholm: Ab. C.E. Johansson [C.E. Johansson corporation], 1948, LCCN 74219452 .
  • Doiron, Ted; Beers, John, The Gauge Block Handbook (PDF), USA: Dimensional Metrology Group, US National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2009 [2015-10-15], (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-03) 
  • Template:Hounshell1984
  • Krar, Steve F.; Gill, Arthur R.; Smid, Peter, Technology of Machine Tools 6th, McGraw-Hill Career Education, 2005, ISBN 978-0-07-723225-2  .

延伸阅读

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块规
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