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堪萨斯-内布拉斯加法案

1856年美国蓄奴州(灰色)和自由州(红色)的分布

堪萨斯-内布拉斯加法案(英语:Kansas-Nebraska Act,10 Stat. 277),是1854年由美国民主党参议员斯蒂芬·道格拉斯提起的法案,开放新加入的堪萨斯州以及内布拉斯加州这两个州,由当地居民自由选择是否允许蓄奴。尽管引致巨大批评声浪,此法案依然通过,酿成了堪萨斯流血事件[1],并最后导致南北战争

其实道格拉斯意图修建横贯美国的铁路,以加强美东与美西的交通。但由于需经过当时是蓄奴州密苏里州,为了争取其他国会议员的支持,道格拉斯打算终止密苏里折衷案。要求新加入联邦的堪萨斯和内布拉斯加两州(均在北纬36.5°以北)由当地居民自行决定是否为蓄奴州。道格拉斯说法是,他支持人民主权论,故应该由当地人民决定。

反对该法案的人组成共和党后,但此法案还是分别以44:42票和33:17票的结果在民主党控制的美国国会通过,即恶名昭彰的堪萨斯内布拉斯加法案。

此法案受到亚伯拉罕·林肯等反对奴隶制扩张的人和废奴主义者强烈反对,希望实行资本主义的工业化北方人民,和南方人民的矛盾进一步激化,加速美国的分裂,而后共和党的林肯于1860年当选美国总统,终致直接内战冲突,南北战争于1861年爆发。

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Nicole Etcheson, Bleeding Kansas: Contested Liberty in the Civil War Era (2006) ch 1
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堪萨斯-内布拉斯加法案
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