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埃及伊蚊

埃及伊蚊
成虫
幼虫
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 昆虫纲 Insecta
目: 双翅目 Diptera
科: 蚊科 Culicidae
属: 斑蚊属 Aedes
亚属: 室蚊亚属 A. (Stegomyia)
种:
埃及伊蚊 A. aegypti
二名法
Aedes aegypti
(Linnaeus in Hasselquist英语Fredric Hasselquist, 1762) [1]
2015年全球埃及伊蚊分布预测
(蓝色=没有分布,红色=有分布)
异名[1]
  • Culex aegypti
    Linnaeus in Hasselquist, 1762
  • Culex fasciatus
    Fabricius, 1805
  • Culex bancrofti
    Skuse, 1889
  • Mimetomyia pulcherrima
    Taylor, 1919

埃及伊蚊学名Aedes aegypti,英语:yellow fever mosquito),台湾称埃及斑蚊,是一种会传播骨痛热症屈公热兹卡热黄热病与其他疾病的子。此蚊可借由腿部的白色标记与胸节英语thorax (insect anatomy)上表面的里拉琴形状来辨识。埃及伊蚊起源于非洲[2],但如今则可在全球热带与亚热带区域发现到[3]。雌蚊的平均翅膀长度变化很大(栖息于秘鲁的族群长度为1.67–3.83厘米)[4]

疾病的扩散与预防方法

[编辑]

埃及伊蚊会传播某些热带传染性热病。由于雌蚊需要让牠的卵成熟,因此要靠叮咬来吸血。为了要寻找宿主,这些埃及伊蚊会被哺乳类所排放的化合物吸引,包括二氧化碳乳酸辛烯醇英语1-Octen-3-ol等。而美国农业部农业研究局的科学家们,研究辛烯醇的化学结构,以更了解为什么这个化学物质会让埃及伊蚊被宿主吸引[5]。他们发现埃及伊蚊偏爱“右旋”的辛烯醇分子。

埃及伊蚊会造成叙利亚仓鼠网状细胞肉瘤的传播[6]

美国疾病控制与预防中心的预防骨痛热症网页,建议使用含有敌避(浓度不超过20-30%)的防蚊液来防蚊。该机构还提醒:

  1. 虽然埃及伊蚊最常在黄昏与黎明时段,于室内与阴凉地区或多云天气时进食;“但牠们可在全年中每日的任何时段叮咬与传染[7][8]。”
  2. 埃及伊蚊偏好在死水区域繁殖,例如花瓶、未加盖的桶子、篮子与废弃轮胎,然而最危险的地方为潮湿的浴室地板与马桶水箱,因为这些地方可以让埃及伊蚊在居住区内繁殖。有研究显示,由水容器中的细菌所散发出来的特定化学物质,可以刺激雌性埃及伊蚊产卵,尤其是偏爱有适当数量脂肪酸的水容器,这些脂肪酸是由细菌分解水中如叶子等有机物质而产生出来[9]

学名

[编辑]

埃及伊蚊的学名一开始为Culex aegypti,由弗雷德里克·哈塞尔奎斯特英语Fredric Hasselquist于1757年的论文Iter Palaestinum中命名[10]。哈塞尔奎斯特提供该物种的学名,并由其导师卡尔·林奈进行描述。这份作品后来被翻译成德语,并于1762年以Reise nach Palästina名称出版[11]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Neal L. Evenhuis; Samuel M. Gon III. 22. Family Culicidae. Neal L. Evenhuis (编). Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions (PDF). Bishop Museum英语Bishop Museum. 2007: 191–218 [February 4, 2012]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-08-08). 
  2. ^ Laurence Mousson; Catherine Dauga; Thomas Garrigues; Francis Schaffner; Marie Vazeille; Anna-Bella Failloux. Phylogeography of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) based on mitochondrial DNA variations. Genetics Research. August 2005, 86 (1): 1–11 [2016-10-04]. PMID 16181519. doi:10.1017/S0016672305007627. (原始内容存档于2020-06-06). 
  3. ^ M. Womack. The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Wing Beats. 1993, 5 (4): 4. 
  4. ^ Jennifer R. Schneider, Amy C. Morrison, Helvio Astete, Thomas W. Scott, Mark L. Wilson. Adult Size and Distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Associated with Larval Habitats in Iquitos, Peru. Journal of Medical Entomology英语Journal of Medical Entomology. 2004-07-01, 41 (4): 634–642 [2016-01-30]. PMID 15311454. doi:10.1603/0022-2585-41.4.634. (原始内容存档于2016-08-16). 
  5. ^ Dennis O'Brien. ARS Study Provides a Better Understanding of How Mosquitoes Find a Host. U.S. Department of Agriculture. March 9, 2010 [2010-08-27]. (原始内容存档于2010-10-08). 
  6. ^ Banfield, William G.; Woke, P. A.; MacKay, C. M.; Cooper, H. L. Mosquito Transmission of a Reticulum Cell Sarcoma of Hamsters. Science. 28 May 1965, 148 (3674): 1239–1240 [2016-10-12]. Bibcode:1965Sci...148.1239B. PMID 14280009. doi:10.1126/science.148.3674.1239. (原始内容存档于2010-03-01). 
  7. ^ Travelers' Health Outbreak Notice. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 2, 2010 [2010-08-27]. (原始内容存档于2010-08-26). 
  8. ^ Dengue Virus: Vector And Transmission. [19 October 2012]. (原始内容存档于2019-11-08). 
  9. ^ Lay Your Eggs Here. Newswise, Inc. July 3, 2008 [2010-08-27]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-26). 
  10. ^ Hasselquist, Fredrik, Carl von Linné (1757): Iter Palæstinum, Eller, Resa til Heliga Landet, Förrättad Infrån år 1749 til 1752页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  11. ^ [Reise nach Palästina in den Jahren von 1749 bis 1752. [2017-12-25]. (原始内容存档于2019-11-08).  Reise nach Palästina]
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埃及伊蚊
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