垃圾食品
.jpg)
垃圾食品（英语：Junk Food）通常描述含有较高的来自糖或脂肪的卡路里，并可能还有大量的钠，但几乎没有膳食纤维、蛋白质、维生素、矿物质或其他重要形式的营养的食物[1][2][3]，其也被称为HFSS食品（英语：HFSS Food），即高脂、高盐、高糖（High in Fat, Salt and Sugar）的食品[4]。“垃圾食品”被用于贬义的历史可追溯至1950年代[5]。
垃圾食品一词的精确定义因目的和时间而异。 一些高蛋白食物，如用饱和脂肪制成的肉类，也可能被视为垃圾食品[6]。快餐和快餐店常被与垃圾食品划上等号，尽管快餐不能被断然描述为垃圾食品[7][8][9]。大多数垃圾食品是高度加工的食品。
对饮食过多垃圾食品造成的健康负面影响（尤其是肥胖）的担忧已引发公众健康宣传运动，垃圾食品也在一些国家被限制广告和销售[10][11][12]。
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ junk food. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. [2015-03-13]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-30）.
- ^ junk food. Macmillan Dictionary. [2015-03-13]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-02）.
- ^ O'Neill, Brendon. Is this what you call junk food?. BBC News. 2006-11-30 [2010-06-29]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-10）.
- ^ Parks, Troy. WHO warns on kids' digital exposure to junk-food ads. American Medical Association. 2016-12-16 [2022-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-05）.
- ^ Zimmer, Ben. On Language: Junk. New York Times. 2010-12-30 [2015-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-19）.
- ^ Scott, Caitlin. Sustainably Sourced Junk Food? Big Food and the Challenge of Sustainable Diets. Global Environmental Politics. 2018-05, 18 (2): 93–113. ISSN 1526-3800. S2CID 57559050. doi:10.1162/glep_a_00458
（英语）.
- ^ Smith, Andrew F. Encyclopedia of Junk Food and Fast Food. Greenwood Press. 2000-09-05: x. ISBN 978-0313335273.
- ^ Specter, Michael. Freedom from Fries. New Yorker. 2015-11-02 [2019-01-01]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-11）.
- ^ Smith, Rene. Fast Food Facts. Science Kids. [2019-01-01]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-02）.
- ^ Food Marketing to Kids. Public Health Law Center (William Mitchell College of Law). 2010 [2015-03-13]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-28）.
- ^ Protecting children from the harmful effects of food and drink marketing. World Health Organization. 2014-09 [2015-03-13]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-20）.
- ^ Food Marketing in Other Countries (PDF). [2022-08-02]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-03）.
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
Cover photo is available under {{::mainImage.info.license.name || 'Unknown'}} license.
Cover photo is available under {{::mainImage.info.license.name || 'Unknown'}} license.
Credit:
(see original file).
