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坐床

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九世达赖喇嘛坐床

坐床藏传佛教寺院中的重大宗教仪式,是活佛传承过程中,转世者由转世灵童正式继任活佛并改称活佛名号的必要仪式。

坐床的主要内容是恭敬藏传佛教历代教派祖师以及松赞干布、唐朝文成公主莲花生、白郎木女神。礼仪上,先由活佛、转世灵童向释迦牟尼像、松赞干布和宗喀巴等各教派传承祖师献哈达。身穿黄色法衣的达赖喇嘛,乘坐黄色来到拉萨,达赖喇嘛在大昭寺向释迦牟尼像、松赞干布、唐朝文成公主、莲花生、白郎木女神的塑像献哈达,并念《成就四业经》。念毕,在布达拉宫的日光殿上,达赖喇嘛与驻藏大臣交换哈达,并向驻藏大使赠送佛像、礼品等。接着即在日光殿上举行坐床礼仪庆祝大会。

坐床典礼是藏传佛教的传统法规,当小活佛被寻访并确定其身份后,要进行隆重庄严的坐床仪式。“坐床”是指用来坐的床,只能坐而不能卧。故在佛典中的床与座,往往可以通用。坐床典礼根据活佛的地位各不相同,可以分为大、中、小。在确定“转世灵童”之后,要将“转世灵童”迎接到寺院,这时称为“转世灵童”,在举行了坐床典礼以后,就不再称为“转世灵童”,而称活佛的名号,如达赖喇嘛班禅额尔德尼等。

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坐床
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