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地龙 (中药)

地龙,就是现代俗称的蚯蚓,晒干加工后成为中药材。地龙药材最早史载于《神农本草经》,是中药中平肝息风药中的息风止痉药。它的药性咸、寒,入肝、脾、膀胱经。有清热息风、通络、平喘、利尿的功效。

种源

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依据《台湾中药典》第3版,地龙采用钜蚓科动物之参状远盲蚓(Amynthas aspergillum E.Perrier)、通俗腔蚓(Metaphire vulgaris Chen)、威廉腔蚓(Metaphire guillelmi Michaelsen)或栉盲远盲蚓(Amynthas pectinifera Michaelsen)之干燥体。前一种习称“广地龙”,后三种习称“沪地龙”。

红蚯蚓(Lumbricus rubellus)属正蚓科,二者不同。

分布

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主要分布于中国广东广西河南山东江苏福建

药性

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功效及应用

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  • 清热息风:可用于治疗高热癫痫、癫狂等症。
  • 通络:可用于治疗气虚血滞、半身不遂风湿痹症。
  • 平喘:可用于治疗肺热哮喘
  • 利尿:可用于治疗水肿、小便不利。

炮制法

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去净杂质,晒干生用或先用。

现代研究

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  • 地龙药材的主要成分蚯蚓解热碱、蚯蚓碱、蚯蚓毒素,还含有多种氨基酸脂肪酸等。
  • 地龙的抗血栓作用和其中的蚓激酶有关。

参考资料

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外部链接

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地龙 (中药)
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