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地龙 (中药).
地龙,就是现代俗称的蚯蚓,晒干加工后成为中药材。地龙药材最早史载于《神农本草经》,是中药中平肝息风药中的息风止痉药。它的药性咸、寒,入肝、脾、膀胱经。有清热息风、通络、平喘、利尿的功效。
依据《台湾中药典》第3版,地龙采用钜蚓科动物之参状远盲蚓(Amynthas aspergillum E.Perrier)、通俗腔蚓(Metaphire vulgaris Chen)、威廉腔蚓(Metaphire guillelmi Michaelsen)或栉盲远盲蚓(Amynthas pectinifera Michaelsen)之干燥体。前一种习称“广地龙”,后三种习称“沪地龙”。
红蚯蚓(Lumbricus rubellus)属正蚓科,二者不同。
主要分布于中国广东、广西、河南、山东、江苏、福建。
- 清热息风:可用于治疗高热癫痫、癫狂等症。
- 通络:可用于治疗气虚血滞、半身不遂及风湿痹症。
- 平喘:可用于治疗肺热哮喘。
- 利尿:可用于治疗水肿、小便不利。
去净杂质,晒干生用或先用。
- 地龙药材的主要成分蚯蚓解热碱、蚯蚓碱、蚯蚓毒素,还含有多种氨基酸和脂肪酸等。
- 地龙的抗血栓作用和其中的蚓激酶有关。
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