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国学.
国学，是西学东渐时期针对西学出现的一个概念[1]。1904年，邓实等成立“国学保存会”，指国学为先秦时期未被后世改造的“上古之学”。1990年代中国“国学热”兴起之后，其含义不断拓宽，渐渐包含一切领域、时代的中国传统文化及学术[2]。
历史
“国学”本指国家创办的学校[3]。指代某种学术的“国学”一词究竟具体何时产生，现在已经无法考证，但可以确定的是它是由晚晴的国粹派发扬光大的。1904年，邓实、黄节、刘师培成立“国学保存会”，“以研究国学，保存国粹”为宗旨。邓实认为国学不是“君学”，是先秦的“上古之学”，黄节则指出国学也是救国的学说：“国学存则爱国之心有以依属”。但中华民国成立之后，国粹派便不再活跃。[2]。
1990年代，中国大陆兴起“国学热”，“国学”成为一般民众中常用的词语，袁行霈在《国学研究·发刊词》中说：“国学作为固有文化传统深层的部分，已经渗进民众的心灵，直接间接地参与现代生活。”[2]
批评
“国学”一词是否合适，自近代以来便很有争议[4]。钱穆在《国学概论·弁言》中说：“学术本无国界。‘国学’一名，前既无承，将来亦恐不立。特为一时代名词。”马一浮说：[2]
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国学这个名词，如今国人已使用惯了，其实不甚适当。照旧时，用国学为名者，即是国立大学之称。今人以吾国固有的学术名为国学，意思是别于外国学术之谓。此名为依他起，严格说来本不可用，今为随顺时人语，故暂不改立名目。然即依固有学术为解，亦太觉广泛笼统，使人闻之，不知所指为何种学术。
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“国学热”之后，这个词更遭滥用。陈来说：“从90年代前期的所谓国学热，到今天的真正国学热，事实上对中国传统文化的学术研究推动都不大。”舒芜也指出：[2]
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依我看来，媒体上津津乐道的所谓“国学”，也就是指能够看懂一点古书，能够做一点古诗词，能够写两笔字而已吧，笼而统之的就这点东西，实际上空洞得很。
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参考文献
- ^ 单晓娜,涂耀威.“国性之自觉”:钱基博国学观念的内涵与特点[J].江南大学学报(人文社会科学版),2019,18(03):63-67.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 李玉磊.国学概念的流变与国学热[J].文化研究,2016(01):265-279.
- ^ 迟成勇.国学概念之辨析[J].学术探索,2010,No.128(02):111-115.
- ^ 林蔺.“国学”概念的历史梳理及当代定位[J].燕山大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009,10(02):49-55.
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