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固定电话

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固定电话(英语:fixed-line telephony),简称固话(landline),是透过金属线光纤线等固态媒体发送信号电信网络,有别于透过大气电波发送的无线通讯。固话一般能提供较高质量的通讯质量及较高带宽,以及可以在没有通讯信号的地点下使用。此外,由于固话不易受到外界的干扰,所以可以用作提高通讯的安全性。

工作原理

[编辑]

固定电话的工作原理是:将用户段的信号通过电话机转化为电信号,进而通过中继线输送到局端,然后在局端交换机进行通讯。

近年来,光纤已替代部分线。通话所使用的频率范围为0 - 3.5千赫兹。更高的频率在接入交换局时被滤掉。模拟话音信号进一步被采样量化成为数码信号,以便在数码交换传输网络中传递。局端是指用户拥有直接连线连接的电话交换机,用户线是指用户与端局之间的线路,中继线是指连接不同交换机的电路,中继线群是指一组介于同样两个交换机之间的中继线。在交换机之间,目前通常使用7号信令系统(SS7, Signal System 7)传输信令。在2000年代之后,电话交换逐渐进展为借由以TCP/IP为基础的IP多媒体子系统(IMS)、下一代网络(NGN)由会话发起协议(SIP)等协议进行信令与话务传输。

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固定电话
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