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四元术

朱世杰《四元玉鉴·四象会元》中的四元术

四元术中国元朝数学家朱世杰所发明,记载在他的著作《四元玉鉴》里。这部著作后来亦被收入《四库全书》之内。四元术脱胎自李冶天元术。天元术是中国古代利用算筹计算一元高次方程式的方法;而四元术则将这个方法扩展,变成可以计算四元高次方程式。并利用消元法,将方程式逐步简化如下:

四元四次 -> 三元三次 -> 二元二次 -> 一元一次 -> 答案

天元术的表示法

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天元术利用算筹将高次方程式垂直表示,并逐步消去高次方的数列。以下是现代代数和天元术表示法的比较:

;[1]

天元术方程:

四元术的表示法

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四元一次方程式

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x + 2y + 3z + u = 5

用“天”、“地”、“人”、“物”来表示 x, y, z, u。

四元二次式

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[2]


x
y w
z

自乘得:

参考文献

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  1. ^ 朱世杰算学启蒙》下卷 《开放释锁》第八问
  2. ^ 朱世杰四元玉鉴》 卷首

外部链接

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四元术
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