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庄遵

严遵(?—?),君平,别名严君平蜀郡人,西汉道家学者,思想家,亦以善于卜筮闻名。“蜀之八仙”之一。汉成帝时隐居成都,以卜筮为业,“因势导之以善”,史称“蜀人爱敬”。著有《老子注》和《道德真经指归》[1][2]

东汉班固著《汉书》,因为了汉明帝刘庄之避讳,将庄姓改为严姓[来源请求],写为“严遵”或“严君平”。

生平

严遵好老庄思想,隐居不仕,在成都以卜筮为生。他著有《老子指归[2][3]》,使道家学说更条理化。扬雄在《法言‧问明》说:“蜀庄沈冥,蜀庄之才之珍也,不作苟见,不治苟得,久幽而不改其操,虽隋、和何以加诸?举兹以旃,不亦珍乎!吾珍庄也,居难为也。”蜀庄就是指严遵,扬雄形容严遵才高德厚,珍如隋珠,洁如和璧。久幽不改其操就是在形容严遵在成都帮人卜筮。

严遵以卜筮算命为业,并施惠于大众,劝人要以孝、顺、忠、善为日常生活的行为准则,就算遇到恶人也以蓍龟的征兆说明其利害关系,并给予警告,使恶人心生畏惧。且每天只帮几个人算命,赚足了日常生活所需后便不再替人算命,专心研究老子《道德经》[4]

参考文献

  1. ^ 老子著作在汉初称《老子》,直到汉景帝尊为《道德经》。唐玄宗更尊为《道德真经》。
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 “老子指归不着录隋志:十一卷,严遵撰。列子释文云:遵,字君平,作指归十四篇,演解五千文”
  3. ^ 参见 艺文志
  4. ^ 汉书‧王贡两龚鲍传》:蜀有严君平,……君平卜筮于成都市,以为卜筮者贱业,而可以惠众人。有邪恶非正之问,则依蓍龟为言利害。与人子言依于孝,与人弟言依于顺,与人臣言依于忠,各因势导之以善,从吾言者,已过半矣。裁日阅数人,得百钱足自养,则闭肆下帘而授《老子》。博览亡不通,依老子、严周之旨著书十余万言。”
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庄遵
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