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啁啾脉冲放大

啁啾脉冲放大(英语:Chirped pulse amplification, 缩写: CPA)是一种用于放大激光超短脉冲英语Ultrashort pulse直到达到拍瓦(petawatt)水平的技术,其中激光脉冲在放大之前在时间上和光谱上被拉伸[1]

啁啾脉冲放大技术是目前世界上除了功率约为500 TW的国家点火装置之外的所有最高功率激光器(大于约100 TW)使用的最先进技术。 这些激光器的一些例子是拉塞福-阿普顿实验室中央激光设施英语Central Laser Facility的Vulcan拍瓦升级,内布拉斯加大学林肯分校的Diocles激光器,大阪大学激光工程研究所GEKKO XII设施的Gekko拍瓦激光器, 罗切斯特大学激光能量学实验室的OMEGA EP激光器,和劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室Nova激光英语Nova (laser)现已拆除的拍瓦系列。除了这些最先进的研究系统之外,许多商业制造商还销售钛-蓝宝石型英语Ti-sapphire laser啁啾脉冲放大,峰值功率为10到100 GW。

使用啁啾脉冲放大技术,设置强度高达1022 W /cm²的激光器,脉冲长度为几个飞秒(10-15秒)。

背景

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图1. 具有负色散的基于光栅的压缩器的示意图布局,即短波长(蓝色)首先出现。

啁啾脉冲放大技术是最初被发明于1960年用来增加雷达可用功率的技术[2]。用于激光的啁啾脉冲放大技术于1985年由当时在罗彻斯特大学热拉尔·穆鲁唐娜·斯特里克兰引入[3],他们于2018年获得诺贝尔物理学奖[4]

原理

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光脉冲越短,所包含频率的频谱越宽。 这是由于光脉冲描述为波包(参见同一篇文章)。 对于高斯波包,在时间长度Δt和谱宽Δω之间应用以下关系:

光学元件可以不同地折射或延迟不同频率的光。 通过布置光学元件,主要使用栅格和棱镜,可以不同地延迟(短)激光脉冲的不同频率分量,并且可以在空间上分离和再次压缩脉冲。

参阅

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Paschotta, Rüdiger. Chirped-pulse Amplification. RP Photonics Encyclopedia. July 1, 2017 [October 2, 2018]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-02). 
  2. ^ Cook, Charles. Pulse Compression-Key to More Efficient Radar Transmission. Proceedings of the IRE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)). 1960, 48 (3): 310–316. ISSN 0096-8390. doi:10.1109/jrproc.1960.287599. 
  3. ^ Strickland, Donna; Mourou, Gerard. Compression of amplified chirped optical pulses (PDF). Optics Communications (Elsevier BV). 1985, 56 (3): 219–221 [2018-10-06]. ISSN 0030-4018. doi:10.1016/0030-4018(85)90120-8. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-12-23). 
  4. ^ The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018. Nobel Foundation. [2 October 2018]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-02). 
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啁啾脉冲放大
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