哲学家
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哲学 |
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哲学家(英语:Philosopher),智慧的爱好者(lover of wisdom),对事物怀抱兴趣,拥有广泛的知识,并且能够利用这些知识来解决特定的问题。
在古代,哲学家是遵循特定生活之道的人,集中精力在回答人类境况的生命问题(existential questions)。根据公元二世纪基督教神学家亚历山大城的革利免之陈述[1]:
因此,哲学──作为一种有最高效用的事物──古时候就在外地人之中繁盛,向列国揭露其智慧的光芒,并在之后来到了希腊。它首先降临在埃及人的先知(Prophet)之中,亦显现于亚述人的迦勒底占星师(Chaldean)[2],高卢人的德鲁伊(Druid),巴克特里亚人的沙门(Śramaṇa ),凯尔特人的智者(指德鲁伊),以及波斯人的术士(Magi)──他们预先宣告了救世主的诞生,受星辰指引到达犹地亚之地。并且也出现在印度人的赤裸苦行僧(Gymnosophist ),和其他外邦国家的哲人们当中。在印度苦行者中有两类群体,有些人被称作沙门,其他人则是婆罗门(Brāhmaṇa)。
在现代,哲学家是指贡献于一个或多个哲学分支领域的知识分子,包括美学、伦理学、知识论、科学哲学、逻辑、形而上学、社会理论、宗教哲学以及政治哲学。哲学家未必只研究哲学,也可能跨足至从哲学分离出去的人文学科和科学领域。
参见
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- ^ Clement Clement of Alexandria "The Stromata, or Miscellanies" Book I, Chapter XV (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Viglas, Katelis. Chaldean and Neo-Platonic Theology. Philosophia E-Journal of Philosophy and Culture. 2016, (14): 171–189 [2021-06-10]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-09).
The name Chaldeans refers generally to the Chaldean people who lived in the land of Babylonia, and especially to the Chaldean magi of Babylon......The Chaldeans were the guardians of the sacred science: the astrological knowledge and the divination mixed with religion and magic. They were considered the last representatives of the Babylonian sages......In Classical Antiquity, the name Chaldeans primarily stood for the priests of the Babylonian temples. In Hellenistic times, the term Chaldeos was synonymous with the words mathematician and astrologer.
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