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哥德摇滚

哥德摇滚gothic rockgoth rock,或称为哥特音乐)是自1970年代晚期开始出现的摇滚乐类型。原本是指少数庞克摇滚后庞克乐团的标签,而后在1980年代早期哥德一词(goth)开始成为某中分隔运动的定义。和庞克乐团精力旺盛的音乐风格相反,早期哥德乐团的音乐感觉较为自省,并与美学、黑暗主题文学哲学相关,如哥特式恐怖浪漫主义存在主义虚无主义等。著名哥德摇滚乐团包括包豪斯乐团苏克西与女妖 (Siouxsie and the Banshees)、治疗乐队 (The Cure)、仁慈姐妹英语The Sisters of MercyFields of the Nephilim英语Fields of the Nephilim等。

音乐风格

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哥德摇滚的主要特色就是幽暗、低调,并运用电子节奏及键盘合成器,以营造出一种黑暗深沈的美感。往后的哥德摇滚则逐渐朝向电子乐发展,进而成为Darkwave乐派。而哥德文化的素材也在90年代初期开始受到金属乐团的采用。英国知名的毁灭金属乐团失乐园乐团(Paradise Lost)可说是哥德金属的先驱,其于1991年所发表的专辑《Gothic》中,便尝试将少许女音主唱和弦乐衬底加入作品当中,93年的专辑《Icon》,其在美编设计上更进一步采用了哥特式图像做为意象表征。随后,挪威的悲怆剧场(Theatre of Tragedy)则是将哥德元素与毁灭/死亡金属彻底融合,正式确立了新一派的哥德死亡金属,而TOT也可说是为金属乐带起歌德风的首要功臣之一,悲怆剧场的成功使得这股哥德金属风潮开始迅速于欧陆蔓延。

然而对比于前面所谈及的哥德摇滚,对于欧陆的哥德金属乐派而言,大多仅是汲取哥德文化的黑暗、唯美氛围,将之纳入于音乐的表现或是视觉美学上,其所着重的仍是在音乐的本质上,不同于所谓的哥德音乐乃是哥德精神的延伸与实践,两者之间其实存在着很大的区别。

哥德金属发展的历史尚不到二十年的时间,已累积出丰富的面貌,就风格特色上来谈,大致可以粗分成以下几类,不过这并不是绝对的分类,因为不同类别之间的界线有时并不明显,而且有些乐团作品也可能会同时跨越不同类别。

与1980年代其他另类摇滚不同,哥德摇滚提升了哥德次文化的范围,包含哥德俱乐部、哥德时尚和哥德杂志。

参见

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哥德摇滚
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