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哈瓦利吉派.
哈瓦利吉派[1](阿拉伯语:الخوارج,al-Khawārij,另称哈里哲派[2]或分离派)是伊斯兰教最早出现的宗教政治派别,最早见于穆罕默德去世后爆发的第一次伊斯兰内战[3]。该次领导危机最后演化为反抗阿里政权的叛乱,当时他同意与穆阿威叶一世停战,依照《古兰经》就哈里发国的继承权问题作出裁决。[4]后因不满裁决结果,哈瓦利吉派刺杀了阿里,并且在接下来的数百年内,哈瓦利吉派都是哈里发国的叛乱根源。[5]
哈瓦利吉派认为“唯有真主能做出判断”,因而反对运用裁决作为决定新哈里发的手段。他们认为裁决是由凡人来做出决定,而战场上的胜利者才是真主的选择。他们认为任何穆斯林,就算不是古莱什部族甚至不是阿拉伯人,只要具备完善的道德,也能成为社群的领导人伊玛目。假使领导人堕落了,穆斯林就有责任起而反对并将其推翻。
一部分哈瓦利吉派逐渐发展出有别于主流逊尼派和什叶派穆斯林的教条,尤其是采用一种激进的方式对待 takfir —— 即被判定是变节者和不信阿拉者。
参考资料
- ^ Team, SupeSite Team and Comsenz UI. 哈瓦利吉派 - 伊斯兰之光 中国最早的伊斯兰教宗教信仰网站. www.norislam.com. [2017-07-22]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-24).
- ^ 穆斯林歷史上的其他重要教派 | 穆罕默德與伊斯蘭教 | 書. www.answering-islam.org. 2011-05-15 [2017-07-22]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-16).
- ^ Al-Yaqoubi, Muhammad. Refuting ISIS: A Rebuttal Of Its Religious And Ideological Foundations. Sacred Knowledge. 2015: xvii–xviii. ISBN 978-1908224125.
- ^ Higgins, Annie C. Kharijites, Khawarij. Martin, Richard C. (编). Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World v.1. Macmillan. 2004: 390.
- ^ Glasse, Cyril. The New Encyclopedia of Islam. California: Altamira Press. 2001: 255–irreproachable56. ISBN 0759101892.
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