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哈尔滨白俄

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圣索菲亚教堂

哈尔滨白俄十九世纪末至二十世纪中叶居住于哈尔滨俄罗斯裔居民。

十九世纪末开始,俄国开始在北满修建“东清铁路”(中华民国建立后改称中东铁路),开始向铁路沿线,尤其是铁路枢纽哈尔滨移民。1918年,俄国爆发布尔什维克革命大批俄国军人、贵族和平民避难至哈尔滨,使哈尔滨成为俄国境外最大的俄国人聚居地。哈尔滨白俄创办了几十间俄国人学校,并出版俄文杂志报纸

满洲国时代,白俄居民受到满洲国政府的压制。1935年,苏联将中东铁路出售给满洲国。一些俄国人在苏联政府鼓励下返回苏联。后来这些人中的大多数受到斯大林领导的苏共清洗。[1]

1949年中华人民共和国成立后,哈尔滨白俄大多陆续迁出。赫鲁晓夫上台后,1954、1955年又有大批哈尔滨白俄被当做侨民遣返回苏联[2][3]目前哈尔滨白俄及后裔分布于俄罗斯美国以色列南美国家。

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参考资料

  1. ^ 张晓波. 苏联大清洗中的“哈尔滨人”悲剧. 观察者. 2019-09-02 [2017-10-04]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-15) (中文(中国大陆)). 
  2. ^ 50年代苏联“撤侨”11万的来龙去脉. 2009-05-27 [2017-10-04]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-02) (中文(中国大陆)). 
  3. ^ 外国人在中国:“打扫干净屋子再请客”. 凤凰网. 2010-05-25 [2017-10-04]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-04) (中文(中国大陆)). 
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哈尔滨白俄
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