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吕媭.
吕媭(?-前180年),也写作吕须,汉高祖皇后吕雉的妹妹,吕公最小的女儿。汉名将舞阳侯樊哙之妻。
汉高帝刘邦死前,樊哙被人诬陷,说要谋害刘如意与戚夫人,刘邦一怒之下,令陈平去将樊哙赐死,樊哙正在征讨卢绾。但陈平畏惧吕太后,又念及往日与樊哙的情谊,只是将樊哙拿下,送往长安,让刘邦自己处理。到达长安时刘邦已驾崩,汉惠帝即位,吕后掌权,樊哙随即被赦免。但吕媭知道这是陈平献的计策,一直不满陈平,多次向姐姐吕太后进谗言说:“陈平拜相,不理政务,每天饮美酒,玩女人。”陈平知道被吕媭进谗言之后,加倍喝酒、玩女人。吕太后闻知此事,暗自高兴。她当着吕媭的面对陈平说:“俗语说‘小孩跟妇女的话都不可相信’,就看你对我怎么样了。不要怕吕媭说你的坏话。”吕太后立吕氏宗族的人为王,陈平假装顺从这件事[1]。
汉惠帝驾崩后,吕后继续临朝听政,此时吕姓外戚诸侯王权力已经大于刘姓宗室。吕媭也因其姐一人独大的权势,得罪了不少朝廷重臣。后在陈平、周勃等元老主持下的夷灭诸吕斗争中被“笞杀”。
樊哙与吕媭所生的嫡子樊伉袭位为舞阳侯,嫡女嫁给营陵侯刘泽。樊哙死后九年,周勃、陈平等元老因吕后驾崩,发动夷灭诸吕,因为樊伉是吕媭的儿子,因此也被株连而处死[2]。
- ^ 《史记》(卷56):“吕媭常以前陈平为高帝谋执樊哙,数谗曰:“陈平为相,非治事,日饮醇酒,戏妇女。”陈平闻,日益甚。吕太后闻之,私独喜。面质吕媭于陈平曰:“鄙语曰‘儿妇人口不可用’,顾君与我何如耳。无畏吕媭之谗也。”吕太后立诸吕为王,陈平伪听之。”
- ^ 《史记·樊郦滕灌列传第三十五》
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