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同位异音

确定两个语音是否为同位异音的基本程序.

同位异音allophone)是语言学术语,指的是一个音位可以表示多于一个音。又称为同位音音位变体[1]

定义

如果两个音呈互补分布,且发音相似,即是同位异音。

如果两个音呈互补分布,但发音不相似,则属不同音位。

如果两个音不呈互补分布,但互换替代后仍为同义,则属于自由变体

如果两个音不呈互补分布,且互换替代会带来不同意义,则属不同音位。

范例

例如英语中,国际音标/t/可以用来表示“top”中送气//或者“stop”中不送气的[t]。换而言之,[tʰ][t]在英语中为同位音,它们的共同音位是/t/

又如普通话中,/ɤ/可以用来表示“德”的韵母[ɤ],又可以表示感叹词“呢”的韵母[ə],这样[ɤ][ə]在普通话中就是同位音,它们的共同音位是/ɤ/

声调同位异音现象被一些人称为同位异调(allotone)。

注释

  1. ^ R. Jakobson, Structure of Language and Its Mathematical Aspects: Proceedings of symposia in applied mathematics, AMS Bookstore, 1980, [2014-02-28], ISBN 978-0-8218-1312-6, (原始内容存档于2020-02-15), ... An allophone is the set of phones contained in the intersection of a maximal set of phonetically similar phones and a primary phonetically related set of phones ... 

参阅

外部链接

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同位异音
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