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吉备国

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日语写法
日语原文吉備国
假名きびのくに
平文式罗马字Kibi no kuni

吉备国日本在设置令制国以前存在的一个国,别名吉备道备州。其地域为今冈山县全境、广岛县东部、香川县岛屿部分以及兵库县西部(佐用郡赤穗市一部分等地)。

吉备国曾与筑紫国出云国大和王权越国毛野国等国同时并立,为当时日本较为强大的地方势力政权,后来服属于大和王权统治。

古代的吉备国拥有足以同大和王权出云国相抗衡的势力,且拥有巨大的古坟文化。同时,吉备国掌握了优秀的制铁技术,这成为了该国强盛的原动力。

吉备国的首领为吉备氏,其祖先吉备津彦为孝灵天皇第三子。吉备国曾试图征服出云国,但遭到出云国的抵抗而失败。此后,吉备国同大和王权结盟以对抗出云国,并为日本的统一作出了贡献。

后来,由于吉备国的势力太大,威胁到了大和王权的统治。463年,吉备田狭联合新罗,反对大和王权的统治,但被雄略天皇镇压,史称吉备氏之乱。雄略天皇死后,吉备氏又支持拥有吉备氏血统的星川稚宫皇子争夺皇位,为清宁天皇所败。

7世纪末,日本从中国引入律令制后,吉备国于689年(持统天皇三年)被划分为备前备中备后三个令制国。后来在713年,又从备前国划出六个郡,设置美作国

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吉备国
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