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合本

合本为从多部同本异译佛典中,以一部为“本”或“母”,其余为“子”,将“子”的同段文句不同译法,抄集于“本”的相应文句下,藉相互参照以探究义理的方法,又称为合本子注

据支敏度〈合维摩诘经序〉,合本子注的主要目的在于“分章断句,使事类相从,令寻之者瞻上视下、读彼案此,足以释乖迂之劳。《易》则易知矣,若能参考校异、极数通变,则万流同归、百虑一至,庶可以阐大通于未寤,阖同异于均致。”这种方法的产生,很可能由儒者注疏经文改进而来。

合本的本质是平行文本的校勘,它可能是同一经典的不同译本,也可能是不同经典中论述相似内容的平行段落,前者如支敏度等,后者的代表为昙无兰[1]

使用合本的佛教知名人物及其成果有:支敏度合《维摩诘经》(参见〈合维摩诘经序〉)、《首楞严经》(参见〈合首楞严经记〉);昙无兰合《比丘戒本》、《三十七品经》、千佛名号;支道林合《大品》《小品》(参见支道林〈大小品对比要抄序〉);释道安合《放光》《光赞》(参见道安〈合放光光赞略解序〉)。支谦合《微密持经》(参见支谦〈合密微持经记〉)。

至隋唐以降,宝贵合《金光明经 》、僧就合《大集经》,都将源头追溯至东晋时期的“合本”,不过其做法是将不同译者翻译的部分拼缀成一部经典,彼此之间是首尾相接,而非平行并列,这种方式的合本可称之为“拼缀型合本”。采用合本子注方式形成的合本,则是“对勘型合本”。两者不但性质有异,“拼缀型合本”也并不采用子注之体[1]

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 陈志远. 合本子注再检讨. [2022-02-01]. (原始内容存档于2022-02-02). 
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合本
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