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各向同性

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各向同性(英语:isotropy),或作等向性均向性,是指物体的物理、化学性质不因方向而有所变化的特性,即在不同方向所测得的性能数值是相同的。如所有的气体、液体以及非晶体都显示各向同性,多晶体(如一块金属)表现的各向同性称为“准各向同性”。各向同性的物体称为均质体。

各向同性与各向异性相反。确切的定义,取决于其使用的领域。各向同性的辐射在各向上有等同的强度,并且一个各向同性的场对测试粒子有同样的作用,无论其初始方向。以波动的传播为例,波源于此种介质中,发出的振动,于各个方向,速度一致。也即,波的传播速度与方向无关。于此种介质中,波面与波线正交。[1]

参考资料

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  1. ^ 赵凯华,罗蔚茵. 新概念物理教程. 力学 第二版. 北京: 高等教育出版社. 2004年7月. ISBN 978-7-04-015201-2. 
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各向同性
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