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司马姓

姓氏
司马
百家姓》第410位
51:
52: 万俟司马 上官欧阳
53: 夏侯诸葛 闻人东方

郡望  河内郡

司马姓,为汉字复姓之一,在《百家姓》中排名第410位。是中国的一个姓氏。

姓氏起源

司马氏的得姓,大约在两千七百余年前。周宣王时,重黎之后程伯休甫,官至司马,掌国家军队,佐政辅国,权势重大。程伯休甫克平徐方,立下大功,周天子允许他以官职为姓,其后遂成司马氏。程伯休父的子孙,一部分“以官为氏”而姓了司马;一部分依照惯例“以国为氏”而姓了。因此司马氏系出程氏,和程氏一族是一家人。司马氏后人奉程伯休甫为司马氏的得姓始祖。

河内司马氏在中国历史上建立了西晋东晋政权,共历十五帝,一百五十六年,进一步扩大了司马世家的影响。但是由于晋朝司马氏皇权不断衰落,司马姓的贵族为免被迫害,很多改换他姓。东晋王朝灭亡以后,司马氏步入平稳发展时期,历史上复姓改单姓的规律,司马氏有许多改为司氏马氏、同氏、仝氏、冯氏、程氏等,亦有维持司马氏复姓者。

郡望堂号

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[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:百家姓
维基文库中的相关文本:钦定古今图书集成·明伦汇编·氏族典·司马姓部》,出自陈梦雷古今图书集成
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司马姓
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