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台湾府铸钱局

康熙通宝背穿左满文ᡨ᠋ᠠᡳ(tai),穿右汉文“臺”

台湾府铸钱局,或称台湾府铸局台湾铸钱局台湾府局清代康熙年间福建省台湾府设立的铸钱局,铸行有背满汉“台”字的“康熙通宝”铜钱。

清朝康熙二十七年(公元1688年),福建巡抚张仲举以台湾所用南明永历年号的钱文甚多,上疏申请设立“福建台湾府铸钱局”。康熙二十八年(公元1689年),获得清廷批准。据《清圣祖实录》记载,台湾府开炉鼓铸始于康熙二十八年四月二十六日。[1]

于是台湾府铸钱局开炉鼓铸,收买旧钱销毁改铸“康熙通宝”背满汉文“台”字制钱,该钱又被称为“康熙通宝台字钱”、“台钱”、“小台钱”、“小台红钱”、“小制钱”等。该币的正面有“康熙通宝”四字,背面为使用满文汉文两种文字书写的“台”字。台湾府所铸造的康熙通宝钱要比其他铸钱局所铸的略小,重量也轻,每贯计重不足6斤,每三文仅值内地制钱二文。台湾府铸钱局于康熙三十一年即停铸,仅铸造三年,所铸的钱币主要通过发放驻台官兵的军饷流入市场。[1]

尽管清政府曾明确规定白银一两兑换制钱1000文,但基本上没有严格执行过,商品货币流通领域的银钱比价总是随行就市上下波动。小钱发行之初,因重量轻,每1500—1600文才可兑换白银一两,乾隆年间受全国性钱荒影响,钱价高企,每两白银可兑换小钱渐减至一千有零,至乾隆四年六月间,仅可换小钱812文。[1]

为解决铜钱的短缺,经闽浙总督郝玉麟请奏,由省城福州城内的宝福局铸造“乾隆通宝”钱运往台湾搭放官兵军饷,此后乾隆年间台湾兵饷钱均由福州省城鼓铸运往,由宝福局铸造钱币供应台湾成为一种制度。尽管乾隆通宝和之后的咸丰通宝等钱均有背“台”字的,但是刘敬扬、王增祥等很多钱币学家都认为是由其他铸钱局代铸。[1]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 叶真铭. 乾隆时期福建宝福局为台湾铸钱小考. 中国钱币. 2008, (4). 
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台湾府铸钱局
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