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可得性捷思法

可得性捷思法(英语:Availability Heuristic)或可得性偏差(英语:Availability Bias),是指人们在讨论一个特定的主题、概念、方法或做出决定时,依赖于脑海中直接浮现的例子。其操作基于这样一个信念,如果某件事情能够被当场回忆起来,或者是越容易想到的情境(例如最近才发生,或是很常发生,让人们印象特别深刻),此时个人会认为此事一定是重要的,发生的几率也越高,或者至少比那些不那么容易被回忆起来的替代解决方案更重要[1]。特别是如果一个人对回忆的内容深信不疑,他们会更依赖所回忆的内容[2]。例如在判断某对夫妻是否会离婚时,脑中可能会浮现有多少跟他们情况类似的夫妻。如果记忆中这些夫妻离婚占多数,那么这个人就会认为这对夫妻离婚的可能性很高[3][4][5]

参考文献

  1. ^ Esgate, Anthony; Groome, David. An Introduction to Applied Cognitive Psychology. Psychology Press. 2005: 201 [2021-08-20]. ISBN 978-1-84169-318-7. (原始内容存档于2021-08-20). 
  2. ^ Schwarz, Norbert; Bless, Herbert; Strack, Fritz; Klumpp, Gisela; Rittenauer-Schatka, Helga; Simons, Annette. Ease of retrieval as information: Another look at the availability heuristic. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1991, 61 (2): 195–202 [2021-08-20]. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.195. (原始内容存档于2021-12-15). 
  3. ^ Availability heuristic - Oxford Reference. [2021-08-20]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-31). 
  4. ^ Phung, Albert. "Behavioral Finance: Key Concept- Overreaction and Availability Bias"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Investopedia. February 25, 2009. p.10. December 1, 2013.
  5. ^ 人為什麼會犯可笑的錯誤?. 
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可得性捷思法
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