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口腔癌

口腔癌
长在舌头侧边的口腔癌,是口腔癌常见的位置。
类型胃肠癌口腔疾病[*]口腔肿瘤[*]头颈癌疾病
分类和外部资源
医学专科肿瘤科
ICD-9-CM144.9、​144.1、​144、​144.0
DiseasesDB9288
MedlinePlus001035
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

口腔癌是口腔内软或硬组织出现不正常的恶性增生或病变,大多发生在年老的人身上,具蔓延性,并可能对生命构成威胁。口腔癌包括口腔中健康细胞的逐渐突变通过多种方式发生。根据口腔癌基金会数据显示,抽烟在每年诊断出的许多口腔癌病例中,有10名口腔癌患者中有8名是抽烟者。

病征

左边三个突出来肿胀的部分为恶性肿瘤,其他白色部分为口腔扁平苔藓
  • 溃疡十四天内不愈,表面组织坏死脱落并向周围蔓延,形成中间凹入或表面不平的肿块。[1]
  • 口腔变得疼痛,而且无故或容易出血。
  • 口腔出现白斑或红斑。
  • 声音出现变化或发音有问题。
  • 颌骨忽然肿胀,牙齿松脱。
  • 颌下或颈部淋巴肿胀。
  • 体重减轻。

成因

化学因素

一名四十岁男吸烟者的口腔癌

化学物质如烟草中的尼古丁焦油酒精[2]、或槟榔的汁液等会慢慢地破坏口腔组织,有机会引致口腔癌。有研究显示,七成五的口腔癌个案与香烟有关系。[3]

物理因素

长期大量吃喝太热的食物,又或者配戴不合适的假牙导致口腔组织长期受损等,都可以令口腔内的组织出现病变。

病毒感染

病毒如人类乳突病毒与口腔癌有关,当中第16型乳头状瘤病毒跟疾病有密切的关系。[4]

另见

  • 头颈部肿瘤
  • 口腔黏膜组织工程

参考文献

  1. ^ Patient.co.uk - Mouth (Oral) Cancer. [2015-07-01]. (原始内容存档于2015-07-01). 
  2. ^ Mashberg A, Barsa P, Grossman ML; Barsa; Grossman. A study of the relationship between mouthwash use and oral and pharyngeal cancer. J Am Dent Assoc. May 1985, 110 (5): 731–4. PMID 3859544. 
  3. ^ Rodriguez T, Altieri A, Chatenoud L, Rodriguez, T; et al. Risk factors for oral and pharyngeal cancer in young adults. Oral Oncol. Feb 2004, 40 (2): 207–213. PMID 14693246. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2003.08.014. 
  4. ^ Martín-Hernán, F; Sánchez-Hernández, JG; Cano, J; Campo, J; Del Romero, J. Oral cancer, HPV infection and evidence of sexual transmission (PDF). Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal. Mar 25, 2013, 18 (3): e439–44 [2015-07-01]. PMC 3668870可免费查阅. PMID 23524417. doi:10.4317/medoral.18419. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-06-24). 

外部链接

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口腔癌
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