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二聚体

羧酸是能够形成二聚体的简单例子,当中两个分子以氢键连结

二聚体(dimer)或称二聚物双体,在不同领域中有不同意义,但基本涵义都表示相同或同一种类的物质,以成双的型态出现,可能具有单一状态时没有的性质或功能。在化学中,凡是两个分子结合成一个新的物质,无论是物理作用还是化学变化,都可以将生成的物质称为二聚体

二聚化[1](dimerization)又称二聚合[2]二聚[3],则是指将两个分子离子借由化学键连接起来的过程,形成的键可强可弱。许多对称的化学物质被描述为二聚体,即使其单体未知或高度不稳定[4]

二聚体常见的例子包括二聚氯化亚铜、二聚氯化铝二乙烯酮、气态的二聚羧酸二聚环戊二烯、二聚环丁二烯等等,它可以是聚合物中的一种特例。蔗糖葡萄糖果糖单元缩合而成,则蔗糖虽为一个分子,仍归属为一种二聚体。

生物化学中的二聚体

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生物化学分子生物学中所探讨的双体通常是如同蛋白质核酸等可观察的高分子,在形成的过程中,若两个亚基相同称为同源二聚体(homo-),若是不完全相同的单体组合而成,则称为异源二聚体(hetero-)。生化所探讨的双体若以共价键方式连结,则通常使用双硫键连结单体,而绝大多数却不是以共价键的方式组合而成,例如核糖体

外部链接

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参考

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  1. ^ 存档副本. [2023-08-20]. (原始内容存档于2023-08-20). 
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2023-08-20]. (原始内容存档于2023-08-20). 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2023-08-20]. (原始内容存档于2023-08-20). 
  4. ^ Dimerization. [2023-08-20]. (原始内容存档于2023-07-09). 

参见

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二聚体
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