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巨差翅目

巨差翅目
化石时期:晚石炭纪至二叠纪
巨脉蜻蜓 Meganeura monyi
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 昆虫纲 Insecta
(未分级) 双髁类 Dicondylia
亚纲: 有翅亚纲 Pterygota
类: 古翅下纲 Palaeoptera
总目: 蜻蛉总目 Odonatoptera
目: 巨差翅目 Meganisoptera
Martynov, 1932

见内文

异名

巨差翅目学名Meganisoptera),又名魁翅目,在过去称为原蜻蜓目Protodonata),是一灭绝古生代大型昆虫,外观有点接近现今的蜻蜓。虽然大多数巨差翅目物种的体型只比现代蜻蜓略大,但本目亦包括已知最大的昆虫,例如晚石炭纪巨脉蜻蜓Meganeura)、Megatypus及早二叠纪的拟巨脉蜓(Meganeuropsis),其中二叠拟巨脉蜓(Meganeuropsis permiana)的翼展估计可达71公分,是已知史上最大的昆虫。[1]

除了后翅的臀区较大外,巨差翅目的前后翅之翅脉相似,属于原始昆虫的特征。前翅通常比后翅细且长。与真正的蜻蜓不同,牠们没有翅痣英语Pterostigma,且翅脉也比蜻蜓简单一些。

大部分标本都只有翅膀碎片,只有少量是完整的翅膀,有身体轮廓的则更少。这些轮廓显示巨差翅目有球状的头,头上有齿状的大颚英语Mandible (insect mouthpart),粗壮且带刺的脚,大的胸腔及有如蜻蜓般细长的腹部。牠们可能是掠食者,就像真正的蜻蜓一样。也有发现一些巨差翅目的稚虫化石,其口器与​​现代蜻蜓的稚虫相似,这表明牠们也是活跃的水生捕食者。[2]

虽然有时巨差翅目被包括在蜻蜓目中,但牠们却缺少一些真正蜻蜓的特征,例如翅痣等,故此一般称巨差翅目为“巨大蜻蜓”会令人误解。[1]

分类

  • Aulertupidae Zessin & Brauckmann 2010
  • Kohlwaldiidae Guthörl 1962
  • 巨脉科 Meganeuridae Handlirsch 1906
  • Namurotypidae Bechly 1996
  • Paralogidae Handlirsch 1906

本目还包含以下地位未定

  • Alanympha Kukalova-Peck 2009
  • Asapheneura Pruvost 1919
  • Dragonympha Kukalova-Peck 2009
  • Palaeotherates Handlirsch 1906
  • Paralogopsis Handlirsch 1911
  • Schlechtendaliola Handlirsch, 1919
  • Typoides Zalessky 1948

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Grimaldi, David and Engel, Michael S. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. 2005. ISBN 0-521-82149-5. 
  2. ^ Hoell, Doyen & Purcell 1998,第321页.
  • Carpenter, F. M. 1992. Superclass Hexapoda. Volume 3 of Part R, Arthropoda 4; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America.
  • Tasch, Paul, 1973, 1980 Paleobiology of the Invertebrates, John Wiley and Sons, p.617

外部链接

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巨差翅目
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