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原始森林

俄勒冈州Larch Mountain的原始森林
原生的欧洲山毛榉森林,位于黑山Biogradska Gora英语Biogradska Gora国家公园

原始森林又称原生林,是指一个森林已经达到非常长久的年龄而没有遭到显著的干扰,从而表现出独特的生态特征,并可能被归类为顶极群落[1]原生特性包括多样化的树有关的结构,提供多样化的野生动物栖息地,增加了森林生态系统的生物多样性。多样化的树结构的概念包括多层树冠和树冠间隙,很大变化的的高度和直径,多样的树种和纲,和多种大小的木质残体。原始森林是陆地生态系统中核心,具有保持生态平衡、涵养水分、调节气候、净化空气等作用。原始森林不仅仅是高大的树木,而是一个综合的生态系统,包植物间的食物链关系,在原始森林中,某一物种的减少,可以影响其他物种的生存,这种情况在热带雨林中体现更为突出。人们在破坏原始森林以后,即使人工补种了大量的树林,也无法弥补森林被破坏对生态带来的影响。

生态意义

原始森林能给野生动物提供广阔的生存空间,维持生物的多样性,保持生态平衡的作用;同时原始森林还能净化空气、调节气候、涵养水分、保持水土、增强土壤肥力、减轻自然灾害等。

全球分布

全球的原始森林主要分布在西伯利亚中国西南、东南亚北美北部、北欧亚马孙河流域刚果盆地等地区。

参看

参考文献

  1. ^ White, David; Lloyd, Thomas. Defining Old Growth: Implications For Management. Eighth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference. 1994 [23 November 2009]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-08). 

外部链接

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原始森林
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