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卵巢癌

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卵巢癌
Ovarian cancer
苏木精-伊红染色下的黏液性卵巢上皮癌组织 (显微照相
症状早期: 不明确(vague)[1]
晚期:肿胀(bloating)、骨盆疼痛英语pelvic pain、腹部肿胀、缺乏食欲[1]
起病年龄平均诊断年龄为63岁[2]
类型卵巢上皮细胞癌(Ovarian carcinoma)、生殖细胞瘤性腺间质肿瘤[3]
风险因素没有生过小孩英语Nulliparity更年期后接受贺尔蒙疗法英语hormone therapy生育药物英语fertility medication, 肥胖症、基因[3][4][5]
诊断方法活体组织切片[1]
治疗手术、放射线疗法化学疗法[1]
预后五年存活率 ~45% (美国)[6]
患病率120万 (2015)[7]
死亡数161,100 (2015)[8]
分类和外部资源
医学专科肿瘤学妇科学
ICD-112C73
ICD-9-CM183.0
OMIM167000、​607893
DiseasesDB9418
MedlinePlus000889
eMedicine255771
Orphanet213500、​213517
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

卵巢癌是发源自女性卵巢癌症[4],会产生会入侵以及转移到其他部位的异常细胞[9]。卵巢癌初期症状不明显,随病情进展,才会出现许多癌症的典型症状,包括胀气、腹胀、骨盆痛英语Pelvic pain[1]。癌症较容易扩散到腹膜淋巴结肺脏肝脏等部位[10]

排卵越多的人,罹患卵巢癌的几率也会变高。所以从未生育的、较早开始排卵的,或是较晚进入更年期的人,罹患的几率都会上升[3]。其他危险因子包括停经后的荷尔蒙治疗排卵药物英语fertility medication,和肥胖症等等[4][5]。降低风险的方法则包括荷尔蒙避孕法输卵管结扎术,以及哺乳[5]。大约有1成的病例是来自遗传风险,而BRCA1BRCA2基因突变者,有将近一半的机会诱发此症。卵巢癌中最常见的类型是卵巢上皮细胞癌 (英语:ovarian carcinoma),高达95%的病例都属于此类型。卵巢上皮细胞癌包含了五种亚型,其中高分化浆液性(英语:high-grade serous)卵巢癌是最常见的。一般相信这些肿瘤是来自卵巢表面的细胞[3],虽然有些可能是形成于输卵管[11]。比较罕见的类型则有生殖细胞瘤性索基质肿瘤[3]。要确诊是哪一种类型,通常是透过对手术中移除的部分做活体切片检察[1]

一般健康女性不建议进行卵巢癌筛查,因为证据并未显示卵巢癌筛查能降低死亡率,而且假阳性的比例高,会造成不必要的手术,而且手术本身也有其风险[12]。若是罹患卵巢癌风险非常高的女性,可以切除卵巢以避免罹患卵巢癌[4]。若在卵巢癌的早期就发现并加以治疗,卵巢癌是可以治愈的,治疗方式一般包括手术、放射线疗法化学疗法[1],结果视疾病的程度及卵巢癌的类型而定[3]。卵巢癌在美国的五年存活率为45%[13]。在发展中国家的存活率较低[3]

2012年全世界共有23万9千名女性罹患卵巢癌,造成15万2千人死亡。是癌症中罹患人数第七多的癌症,也是造成女性死亡癌症中的第八位。卵巢癌在北美洲及欧洲较盛行,比在非洲及亚洲要常见[3]

病征

由于卵巢深入在盘腔内,早期的卵巢癌病征并不明显。当肿瘤体积增大时,患者会有肚胀、腹部不适等现象,亦可能有压迫性的病征如小便频密、大便困难等。

死于卵巢癌的名人

卵巢癌细胞

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Ovarian Epithelial Cancer Treatment (PDQ®). NCI. 2014-05-12 [2014-07-01]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-05). 
  2. ^ What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer?. www.cancer.org. 2016-02-04 [18 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-17). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014: Chapter 5.12. ISBN 9283204298. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Ovarian Cancer Prevention (PDQ®). NCI. 2013-12-06 [2014-07-01]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-06). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ovarian Cancer Prevention (PDQ®). NCI. 2014-06-20 [2014-07-01]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-06). 
  6. ^ SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Ovary Cancer. NCI. [18 June 2014]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-06). 
  7. ^ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.. Lancet. 8 October 2016, 388 (10053): 1545–1602 [2017-07-28]. PMC 5055577可免费查阅. PMID 27733282. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. (原始内容存档于2020-10-01). 
  8. ^ GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.. Lancet. 8 October 2016, 388 (10053): 1459–1544 [2017-07-28]. PMC 5388903可免费查阅. PMID 27733281. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. (原始内容存档于2020-10-01). 
  9. ^ Defining Cancer. National Cancer Institute. [2014-06-10]. (原始内容存档于2014-06-25). 
  10. ^ Ruddon, Raymond W. Cancer biology 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2007: 223 [2015-09-26]. ISBN 9780195175431. (原始内容存档于2014-10-06). 
  11. ^ Piek JM, van Diest PJ, Verheijen RH. Ovarian carcinogenesis: an alternative hypothesis. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2008, 622: 79–87. ISBN 978-0-387-68966-1. PMID 18546620. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-68969-2_7. 付费文献
  12. ^ Moyer, VA; U.S. Preventive Services Task, Force. Screening for ovarian cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement.. Annals of internal medicine. 2012-12-18, 157 (12): 900–4. PMID 22964825. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-11-201212040-00539. 
  13. ^ SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Ovary Cancer. NCI. [2014-06-18]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-06). 

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卵巢癌
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