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印象管理

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印象管理(英语:Impression management)是一个有意识潜意识历程 (unconscious process)[1],在这个历程中,人们试图通过调节和控制社会互动中的资讯来影响其他人对一个人、一个物体或一个事件的看法[2] 它首先由厄文·高夫曼(Erving Goffman)于 1959 年在《日常生活中的自我呈现》(英语:The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life) 中被概念化,然后在 1967 年得到扩展。

印象管理行为包括说明(提供“对负面事件的解释以逃避不认可”)、借口(否认“对负面结果的责任”)和意见一致性(“以与目标一致的方式说话或行为”)等。[3] 通过利用这些行为,参与印象管理的人能够控制他人对他们或与他们有关的事件的看法。印象管理几乎可以在任何情况下进行,例如在运动中(穿着华丽的衣服或试图用他们的技能给人们留下深刻印象),或在社交媒体上(只分享正面帖子)。此外,印象管理理论可用于善意和恶意意图。

印象管理理论的另一个例子出现在当今的社交媒体世界中。用户可以创建个人资料并与他们的朋友、家人或世界分享他们喜欢的任何内容。如果愿意,用户可以选择忽略负面生活事件并突出正面事件。[4]

印象管理通常与自我展示同义使用,其中一个人试图影响对其形象感知。印象管理的概念首先应用于面对面的交流,但随后被扩展到电脑中介传播交流中。印象管理的概念适用于心理学社会学等学术研究领域以及企业沟通和传播媒体等实践领域。

参考资料

  1. ^ 雙語詞彙資訊網. 国家教育研究院. [2022-06-21]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-21) –通过数据库. 
  2. ^ Sanaria, A. D. (2016). A conceptual framework for understanding the impression management strategies used by women in indian organizations. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 3(1), 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/2322093716631118 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299373178_A_Conceptual_Framework_for_Understanding_the_Impression_Management_Strategies_Used_by_Women_in_Indian_Organizations页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  3. ^ Bolino, Mark C.; Kacmar, K. Michele; Turnley, William H.; Gilstrap, J. Bruce. A Multi-Level Review of Impression Management Motives and Behaviors. Journal of Management. December 2008, 34 (6): 1080–1109 [2021-12-17]. ISSN 0149-2063. S2CID 145569166. doi:10.1177/0149206308324325. (原始内容存档于2022-01-21) (英语). 
  4. ^ Tashmin, Nushrat. Art of Impression Management on Social media (PDF). 2016. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-11-22). 
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印象管理
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