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卫汝贵.
卫汝贵（1836年—1895年），字达三，安徽庐州府合肥县人，淮军将领。
早年随从刘铭传征捻军，累迁至副将，晋总兵。捻军平定后，授河州镇总兵官，李鸿章荐其朴诚忠勇，留统北洋防军。历授大同镇、宁夏镇总兵官，均未任官。光绪十七年李鸿章奏称“实系最为得力之将。”率盛军驻守天津附近的青县，共有步队12营6000余人，马队5营1000余人，合约8000人。
甲午战争爆发，卫汝贵奉命率军增援平壤，部队军纪很坏，沿途骚扰百姓，李鸿章曾警告他：“敌氛逼近，若酿成大乱，汝身家性命必不能保”。平壤之战中，卫汝贵指挥盛军在西、南两个战场激战，重创日军，惜此役清军溃败，平壤失守。卫汝贵被革职逮问，李鸿章为其说情，未成，后械送京师，处死于菜市口[1]。卫汝贵是甲午战争期间唯一被朝廷处斩的实授总兵[2]。其弟卫汝成官至总兵，于卫汝贵事败后不知所终。
注释
- ^ 孙宝碹《忘山庐日记》云：“闻市将刑人，往视则甫搭棚，观者如堵，知为卫汝贵。今日刑部方奏其定案，必奉旨处决矣。至日中尚未来，即归。午后，复同地山、伯棠往视，仍未至。群谓今日不复行刑。俄日暮，忽报已来。余即往观，人声阗咽，拥挤不可近视。执戟者数十人。须臾，有乘舆者至，云为薛云阶大司寇。既至，半晌始纷纷散，则已毕刑。余遂归，赴徐博泉之约，夜饮于广和居。”
- ^ 2011年上海社科院张剑指出，卫汝贵在平壤之战中虽立有战功，但亦负有“城池失陷”之责。卫汝贵被处斩最重要的原因是所统盛军军纪败坏。卫汝贵被杀“虽有朝廷主战派、主和派政争，对日作战全线溃败朝廷要杀一儆百等原因，但归根结底还是他自己平日待兵寡恩所致。”陈悦《沉没的甲午》一书以为翁同龢等为首的主战派利用言官力量，党同伐异，打击李鸿章，卫汝贵成为政争下的牺牲品。
参考文献
- 《清史稿》卷四百六十二 列传二百四十九
- 张剑，《卫汝贵是被冤杀的吗？》，载《探索与争鸣》，2011年12月
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