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卡皮查-狄拉克效应

卡皮查-狄拉克效应(英语:Kapitsa–Dirac effect,简称KDE)是一种量子现象,即拥有良好空间相干性的粒子束(一般情况下为电子束)通过光场驻波时发生衍射,它是受激康普顿散射的一种特殊情况。[1] [2]该效应由Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac与Pyotr Kapitsa于1933年首次提出。[3]

KDE可以通过德布罗意1924年的波粒二象性理论得到解释。因为粒子具有波的性质,粒子束会被以驻波形式存在的电磁场的空间周期性结构所散射,散射波又会与自身发生干涉(粒子束强度随空间位置而变,就像一般的光学衍射一样,产生极大与极小峰)。

实验上观测KDE要求高度相干光束,这在激光发明前是不可能实现的。2001年进行的实验证明了所猜想的衍射峰。[4]

参考资料

  1. ^ Nature 413, 142-143 (13 September 2001)
  2. ^ Batelaan, H. The Kapitza-Dirac effect. Contemporary Physics. November 2000, 41 (6): 369–381 [2008-07-07]. doi:10.1080/00107510010001220. (原始内容存档于2008-05-24). 
  3. ^ Kapitza, P. L.; P. A. M. Dirac. Proc Cambridge Phil Soc. 1933, 29: 297.  缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)
  4. ^ S. Gasiorowicz. Quantum physics 3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons. 2003. ISBN 0-471-05700-2. 
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卡皮查-狄拉克效应
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