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卡皮查-狄拉克效应.
卡皮查-狄拉克效应(英语:Kapitsa–Dirac effect,简称KDE)是一种量子现象,即拥有良好空间相干性的粒子束(一般情况下为电子束)通过光场驻波时发生衍射,它是受激康普顿散射的一种特殊情况。[1] [2]该效应由Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac与Pyotr Kapitsa于1933年首次提出。[3]
KDE可以通过德布罗意1924年的波粒二象性理论得到解释。因为粒子具有波的性质,粒子束会被以驻波形式存在的电磁场的空间周期性结构所散射,散射波又会与自身发生干涉(粒子束强度随空间位置而变,就像一般的光学衍射一样,产生极大与极小峰)。
实验上观测KDE要求高度相干光束,这在激光发明前是不可能实现的。2001年进行的实验证明了所猜想的衍射峰。[4]
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