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南阿尔卑斯山脉

南岛卫星照上可见被雪覆盖的南阿尔卑斯山脉
从路上眺望南阿尔卑斯山脉

南阿尔卑斯山脉(英语:Southern Alps毛利语Kā Tiritiri-o-te-Moana)是位于新西兰南岛西部的一条山脉,是整个南岛的天然分水岭。“南阿尔卑斯山脉”一般是用来泛指整座山脉,组成这座山脉的其他众多小山脉有许多各自不同名称。

库克山是山脉的最高峰,高3,754米,此山脉另外还有16个超过3,000米的山峰。山脉大部分受到各个国家公园的保护,值得注意的有韦斯特兰国家公园、亚斯派灵山国家公园库克山国家公园。南阿尔卑斯山有大约360条冰河,其中最大的是29公里长的塔斯曼冰川[1]

南阿尔卑斯山是由库克船长在1770年3月23日所命名,用来描述此山脉“惊人的高度”[2]亚伯·塔斯曼在1642年对南岛西岸的描述是“高举起的土地”[3]

在地质学上,南阿尔卑斯山脉处于一个板块边缘区,是太平洋火环的一部分,产生于两千五百万至三千万年前,西边的印度澳洲板块向东移,压下东边的太平洋板块[4]。因为地质构造压力使得山脉不断的升举和产生地震,不过也被差不多同样的速度侵蚀

因为山脉与西行风垂直,因此为波浪滑翔提供了极好的条件。强盛西风也产生一种称为西北云弧(Nor'west arch)的气候现象,含水分的空气被推到山顶形成一片晴空中的一块单独云层,这种景观在坎特伯雷北奥塔哥的夏季经常可见。还有一种称为西北风(Nor'wester)的焚风,被山脉挡住强风的迫使潮湿空气往上升和降雨,并在山的背风处形成干燥热风。

参考文献

  1. ^ Lambert, M. (ed) (1989) Air New Zealand Almanack Wellington: New Zealand Press Association. p. 165
  2. ^ Reed, A. W. (1975) Place Names of New Zealand. Wellington: A.H. & A.W. Reed. p. 384.
  3. ^ Orsman, H. and Moore, J. (eds) (1988) Heinemann Dictionary of New Zealand Quotations. Auckland: Heinemann. p. 629.
  4. ^ Kirkpatrick, R. (1999) Bateman Contemporary Atlas of New Zealand. Auckland: David Bateman. Plates 2 and 3.

43°21′54″S 170°37′26″E / 43.365°S 170.624°E / -43.365; 170.624

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南阿尔卑斯山脉
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